Life is so complicated free essay sample

Fallen so far down that its impossible to ever get back up again. Its times like these that it feels like the whole world is against you, and no matter how much you fight it or how much you try, you seem to be running in circles. Going through the same hurt misery and pain all over again. Its feelings like these that never let ones self be truly happy no matter how much effort they put into trying to be. Pain Is the true conquer of the heart, not love, because In the end you will always ND up getting hurt.Nothing lasts forever not even love. Love fades as time goes by, no matter how hard you try to keep It In focus It will deteriorate right In front of your eyes. So what Is the point In love It Its only going to end In heartbreak? Someone once told me your life it what you make it, but is that really true? In reality we have no control over our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Life is so complicated or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We cant pick and choose the people we are going to meet or the people we are going to fall in love with. And if we were so in control of our lives, then how come we cant choose when to die.Why do we have to die when in doesnt suit us? Why do we have to die when have so much more to live for? You see we have no control over our lives. Its all controlled by fate, the most powerful thing that controls us. So you see dont live life waiting and expecting, because it will never turn out the way you want it to. Live life as it comes. Dont let upsets get you back, because in the long run they will only make you stronger and see things more clearly.Go into life with your eyes wide open and pay attention to everyone and everything. Take advice from those willing to help instead of shutting your self away. The most complicated thing in life is life itself so dont try and understand It, because no one does and no ever will. So instead of looking for answers look for yourself. Find out who you really are, because In the end finding yourself Is the only one thing that will truly make you happy. Life is so complicated By Rena_17Pain is the true conquer of the heart, not love, because in the end you will always no matter how hard you try to keep it in focus it will deteriorate right in front of your eyes. So what is the point in love if its only going to end in heartbreak? You want it to. Live life as it comes. Dont let upsets get you back, because in the long.

John Cheever and His Seemingly Average Americans Essay Example

John Cheever and His Seemingly Average Americans Essay Example John Cheever and His Seemingly Average Americans Essay John Cheever and His Seemingly Average Americans Essay Average Americans Since 1935 middle class Americans have been able to sit in their suburban home or their urban apartment, open up a copy of the New Yorker, and read about themselves. Not literally, but rather a perfect reflection of themselves, or their next door neighbor, or their friend down the street. Of John Achievers nearly two hundred short stories, one hundred and twenty one were published in the New Yorker. He wrote primarily about the seemingly average American He takes that stereotype and creates narratives that delve so deeply into he psyches of each of his characters that their ordinary lives become immediately enthralling. He draws universal connections that make his stories instantly relate- able no matter the setting. Achievers work is generally sorted into four categories based on their location and while he manages to paint distinct pictures of the types of people in each environment we see an overarching theme throughout his writing the theme of the duality of man. Each story presents us with a main character, usually an upper-middle class American, battling between the facade they have rated for the outside world and their innermost thoughts and desires a feeling we have all dealt with at one time or another. These characters typically live tranquil lives that become momentarily uprooted which sends each into a state of turmoil, and though we can usually rely on Achiever to return them to normalcy, there is the occasional exception. Each character is treated with such care that even at their times of normalcy we find each one somehow captivating. Achiever creates a dialogue among his vast audience and bridges the gap of social differences by offering moon human conditions manifested within his characters. At the time of Achievers greatest success as a writer suburbia was still a fairly new addition to the American scenery, albeit a significant one, with the majority of Americans leaving the cities for the picturesque notion of quiet suburban living. This is the setting for some of Achievers most successful stories most notably The Housebreaker of Shady Hill and The Country Husband. Achiever has been widely referred to as the chronicler of suburban life, and though his entire body of work does not focus on suburbia, a large oration, and most certainly some of his best does. On this Achiever has said Theres been too much criticism of the middle-class way of life. Life can be as good and rich there as anyplace else. I am not out to be a social critic, however, nor a defender of suburbia. It goes without saying that the people in my stories and the things that happen to them could take place anywhere.. Many of Achievers stories are set in suburbia because it is a setting that lends itself perfectly to the concept of a characters internal struggle vs.. Their external appearance, but we also see this theme manifested elsewhere in other stories such as The Enormous Radio which takes place in a New York apartment building. In The Housebreaker of Shady Hill we meet Johnny Hake. Right away we are given every detail of his life age, height, weight, where he was born, where he grew up, where he was confirmed, etc. Simply put Johnny Hake is your average middle-aged suburban American male, that is until he becomes tired of his work environment and leaves his Job. Johnny rents a cubicle and tries to make a living for himself, but he soon finds that he can not support his family on the amount of money he is able to make. He finds himself desperate when it came time to borrow money he had nowhere to turn.. Having been taught by his mother never to speak about money, he could not bring himself to burden his wife with their financial difficulties. One night Johnny and his wife attend a dinner party at their friends, the Warburton, house. It is there that he learns about the large amount of cash the Carl Warburton tends to carry. That night he feels the desire for money as a premonition of death and explains he had never longed for anyone the way he yearned that night for money. He sneaks away in the middle of the night and enters he Warburton house stealing Carla wallet and returning home. As soon as he is safe in his own house, the weight of what he has Just done bares down on him. Oh, I never knew that a man could be so miserable and that the mind could open up so many chambers and fill them with self-reproach. His misery is unrelenting he makes note of every tiny theft he witnesses or reads about and his eyes twitch when he hears the word steal. He begins to see everyone around him as a thief and searches for someone he can blame. He begins acting unlike himself he is distracted in church and yells at his wife and children. At one point he even describes the types of people he hates and is pained to realize that he is one of them. Despite all of this, it does not stop him from choosing his next victims. However, on his way to steal from the Pewters it begins to rain, and it is this, of all things, that finally sobers him. It is as if is mind had been washed clear. There were ways out of my trouble if I cared to make use of them. I was not trapped. I was here on earth because I chose to be. And it was no skin off my elbow how I had been given the gifts of life so long as I possessed them, and I possessed them then. He the goes home and goes back to sleep. The next day he gets a call asking him to come back to work and that night he goes back to the Warburton and leaves the 900 he had taken. Johnny Hake returns to his normal life, his brief brush with his malevolent destiny soon to be no more than a nightmare. The Country Husband offers us a look inside the life of Francis Weed. At the beginning of the story Francis is on a plane traveling home. Soon there are technical difficulties and after a moment of terror and the mental image of the spreading wings of the Angel of Death the plane needs to make an emergency landing. All Francis wants is to share his experience with his family, but the house is in a state of chaos, and though he tries to tell his tale the children are fighting and his wife is too preoccupied to listen. At this point in the story we can understand Francis strife through the observations he makes of his life around him. Such as the outpouring of tearful petulance, lonesomeness, and self-pity he hears when listening to the neighbors piano playing or how the energetic golden retriever Jupiter is an anomaly and how his high spirits were out of place in Shady Hill.. Soon we see Francis spirits aka a turn for the better when he becomes suddenly infatuated with the beautiful, young, babysitter, Anne Morison. When these new passionate feelings take a hold of him he begins to see life in a new way, observing the beauty around him instead of the drabness. Birds were congressionally and the last of the robins. The sky shone like enamel. Even the smell of ink from his morning paper honed his appetite for life, and the world that was spread out around him was plainly a paradise. Francis, elated, buys his new love a bracelet and he even ends up kissing her, but problems arise when he meets the man that she is engaged to. After a heated argument with his wife, Francis finds himself in a hopeless state. He resolves himself to go see a psychiatrist and his life is returned to normalcy. The story ends on an anticlimactic note with a scene of a typical night in Shady Hill, everything is exactly as it should be. In this way Francis weeds exemplifies the typical Achiever character He is an ordinary middle-class suburban husband and father who experiences a sudden and fierce turn in his emotional state. Instead of changing his life for good he is instead trampled by his social restraints and returns to his average life, his momentary suasion replaced by apathy. Though not set in Shady Hill as the other stories are, The Enormous Radio fits perfectly into the pattern that John Achievers suburban tales follow. This story is instead set in an apartment building and creates the image of dozens of nearly identical rooms and families within, lending a similar feel to the suburbia of the other narrations. Our main characters in this story are Jim and Irene Westport who differed from their friends, their classmates, and their neighbors only in an interest they shared in serious music. Unfortunately, their radio breaks and Jim f forced to buy a new one. However, this new radio is revealed to not play music, but instead the sounds and conversations from the other apartments in the building. Soon listening to the private lives of her neighbors becomes an obsession for Irene. She begins listening to the radio every opportunity she gets, she can not reign in her curiosity and she begins to see her neighbors differently, wondering every time she sees someone who it was who said what. This begins to take a toll on her, she becomes upset over the things she hears but she still can not stop listening, she soon tarts to question her own happiness which before she had taken as absolute truth. She turns to her husband for reassurance Life is too terrible, too sordid and awful. But weve never been like that, have we, darling Have we I mean, weve always been good and decent and loving to one another, havent we And we have two children, two beautiful children. Our lives arent sordid, are they, darling Are they She flung her arms around his neck and drew his face down to hers. Were happy, arent we, darling We are happy, arent we. As desperately as she tries to confirm their perfect allegations the illusion is shattered when, towards the end of the story, Jim begins yelling at her, laying out all of her past wrongdoings. The story ends with Irene listening to the radio and hearing only the days news. The radio caused the upheaval of the average life of the Westport and exposed them to the evil of the world around them, an evil that they were before ignorant of and now they realize resides within their own family. These stories perfectly reflect Achievers tendency to portray characters in conflict with their inner desires and the reality of their external world.

Predicting the 20 Most Populous Countries in 2050

Predicting the 20 Most Populous Countries in 2050 In 2017,  the UN Population Division released a revision of its  World  Population Prospects,  a regularly-issued report that analyzes world population changes and other world demographics, estimated out to 2100. The recent report revision noted that the world population increase has slowed a bit, and is expected to continue to slow, with an estimated 83 million people added to the world every year. Population Overall Grows The United Nations forecasts the global population to reach 9.8 billion in the year 2050, and growth is expected to continue until then, even assuming that the decline in fertility would increase. An aging population overall causes fertility to decline, as well as women in more developed countries not having the replacement rate of 2.1 children per woman. If the fertility rate of a country is lower than the replacement rate, population declines there. The world fertility rate was 2.5 as of 2015 but declining slowly. By 2050, the number of people over age 60 will more than double, as compared with 2017, and the number over 80 will triple. Life expectancy worldwide is projected to rise from 71 in 2017 to 77 by 2050.   Overall Continent and Country Changes by 2050 More than half of the forecast growth in world population will come in Africa, with an estimated rise in population of 2.2 billion. Asia is next. Asia is expected to add more than 750 million people between 2017 and 2050. Next are the Latin America and Caribbean region, then North America. Europe is the only region anticipated to have a lower population in 2050 as compared with 2017. India is expected to pass China in population in 2024, Chinas population is projected to stay stable and then to slowly fall, while Indias is rising. Nigerias population is growing the most quickly and is forecast to take over the United States number three position in world population around 2050. Fifty-one countries are projected to see a decline in population by 2050, and ten are estimated to drop by at least 15 percent, though many of them are not largely populated. The percentage per person is higher than in a country with a large population, such as  Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (territory counted independently from the United States population). The least-developed countries grow more quickly than those with mature economies, but also send more people as immigrants to the more developed nations. What Goes Into the List Following is a list of the 20  most populous countries in the year 2050, presuming there are no significant boundary changes. Variables that go into the projections include trends in fertility and its rate of decline over the next decades, infant/child survival rates, numbers of adolescent mothers, AIDS/HIV, migration, and life expectancy.   Largest Populations by Country in 2050 India: 1,659,000,000  China: 1,364,000,000Nigeria: 411,000,000United States: 390,000,000Indonesia: 322,000,000Pakistan: 307,000,000Brazil: 233,000,000Bangladesh: 202,000,000Democratic Republic of the Congo: 197,000,000Ethiopia: 191,000,000Mexico: 164,000,000Egypt: 153,000,000Philippines: 151,000,000  Tanzania: 138,000,000Russia: 133,000,000Vietnam: 115,000,000Japan: 109,000,000  Uganda: 106,000,000Turkey: 96,000,000Kenya: 95,000,000   Source World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, June 21, 2017.

The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on the Likelihood of Youth Essay

The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on the Likelihood of Youth Entering - Essay Example In this study the author further asserts that these youth gangs develop negative identification with the law enforcers as well as the neighborhood residents. He further provides that youth gangs is not a new phenomenon in the society asserting that it dates back in 17th century where they were characterized with wearing of distinct colors for their identification and arose mainly from social and economic vacuum in their neighborhoods and their contemporary societies. Thus ascribing from this it can be argued that youth gangs have evolved leading to emergence of larger gangs. The notable emerging larger gangs are having sophisticate organization, have access to powerful and dangerous weapons and they continue to recruit young children into these gangs (Wiener 2005). Attributing to this youth gangs are considered a threat to the peaceful coexistence in the society at large. According to Howell (2005) in his research provides that the origin of youth gangs is greatly attributed to the e conomically and socially disadvantaged background. He asserts that these backgrounds have broken families and lack of community cohesiveness (Howell 2005). These youth gangs in most societies and neighborhoods are perceived by its members to fill several needs (Howell 2005). These needs range from psychological, physical, economic and social needs. It is notable that these underlying needs are associated with the failure of the family to fill the arising gaps from this. Taking into consideration these societal needs it can be asserted that gangs notable intents is focused on provision of friendship, sense of identity, searching for wealth and finally for the purpose of security (Howell 2005). Nature and organization of youth gangs According Brantingham (2006) in his publications describes how various youth gangs operates and how they co-ordinate their activities. The authors provide extensive understanding in regard to various youth gang behaviors by identifying and examining its le adership structure and its primary objectives. In this study it is notable that youth join gangs majorly for due to increasing trusting relationship within the gang family (Brantingham 2006). This is attributed to negligence as well as incompetence on the parents, clergy and teachers in performing their traditional roles of counseling and guiding the youth in the society. In the examination of youth gangs in general, it is notable that gang members have developed trusting solid relationships with their mentors who is considered the gang leader (Brantingham 2006). According to Campbell (2011) this relationship of the mentor and the mentee comes along with patience and the willingness and commitment of the mentor in pursuing of a strong relationship. It can be argued that the concept of being real comes in place which is a key attribute of any youth gang leader (Campbell 2011). This involves the gang leader relating genuine concerns on behalf of the gang members. The leader should act in accordance with the youth gang culturally appropriate manner without it being perceived by the gang members as preachy or contrived. Therefore the mentor needs not to condemn the mentee for their actions or their immorality but the real attribute ensures that the gang leader listens, understands and help the

Proposal for Aquisition of LifeCell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Proposal for Aquisition of LifeCell - Essay Example LifeCell Corporation deals in developing, processing, as well as marketing of tissue-based products which are used in reconstructive, urogynecologic and orthopedic surgical processes to restore soft tissue defect in America and worldwide. LifeCell's reconstructive products consist of AlloDerm used for plastic reconstruction, all-purpose surgical, burn up, and periodontal processes; in addition to Strattice, a porcine dermis which eliminates cells and lessens a constituent in the xenogeneic rejection reaction. LifeCell's orthopedic tissue restore products include GraftJacket for restoring damaged or insufficient integumental tissue in orthopedic surgical procedures. The company was incorporated in 1992 in the State of Delaware. (LifeCell Company, 2007) The company has a research and a development team which has ongoing research programs to develop new products required in the clinical applications and surgical applications to enlarge the company's product mix in the highly fast growing bio-surgery industry. (LifeCell Company, 2007) Sof... 2. GraftJacket; for orthopedic uses and lower end wounds 3. AlloCraft DBM; used for bone grafting processes 4. Repliform; used for urogynecologic surgical processes 5. Strattic; for specific plastic reconstruction and all-purpose surgical Processes The company has a research and a development team which has ongoing research programs to develop new products required in the clinical applications and surgical applications to enlarge the company's product mix in the highly fast growing bio-surgery industry. (LifeCell Company, 2007) Industry overview Soft tissue, for example dermis, blood vessels, nerve connective tissue and heart valve encloses an intricate, three-dimensional makeup which consists of manifold forms of elastin, proteoglycans, collagen several proteins as well as vessels (tissue matrix). As component of the human body's normal remodeling procedure, cells In a tissue constantly degrade during this process it replaces the tissue matrix. Nonetheless in the occasion of a large port of tissue matrix is lost or destroyed as a result of surgery or trauma, the human body cannot be able to regenerate that destroyed part this results in scar development. In such a case, surgeons encounter several treatment alternatives for repairing physiology and structure function, the alternatives includes using implants materials from the patient's body parts ("autograft") or created allograft tissue or using synthetic products. The company believes that the best alternative is the use of allograft or xenograft from the company which do not cause tissues matrices to undergo any damages. (Covell, 2006): Industry and market data Table 2, below, has estimated market information of the company's main products in the USA market. The

Personal Experience Of Social Cognitive Theory

Personal Experience Of Social Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory refers to a psychological model of behavior that emerged primarily from the work of Albert Bandura. In todays psychological science, people are viewed as biological, psychological, and social organisms which entail thoughts, emotions, behaviors and social factors (Meyer, 1996). The social cognitive theory is a learning theory based on the idea that people learn by watching what others do and that thought processes are central to understanding personalities (. Since a fair amount of learned behavior that influenced our development, displayed in the environment in which one grew up, and as individuals, thoughts and feelings were just as important in determining moral development. Three main factors influencing our development is by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and cognition all as the main factors in influencing our development. These three factors dont stay the same or independent; rather, they are all reciprocal. We learn many of our b ehaviors by observing others and modeling our behavior after theirs (thats the social part). What we think about our situations affects our behavior (thats the cognitive part). One the environment refers to the factors that can affect a persons behavior. There are two types environment the social and physical environment. The social environment includes family members, friends and colleagues. The physical environment could be a room, the climate, the availability of certain foods, or the landscape, just to name a few. These factors play a part in affecting our behavior. Situations refer to the cognitive or mental representation of the environment that may affect a persons behavior. The situation is a person, perception of the time, activities or physical features. The cognitive part also deals with moral competence of an individual which is defined as the growth of cognitive sensory processes. Simply put, it is being aware of what is considered right or wrong. Behavior and people are constantly influencing each other. Behavior is not simply the result of the environment, just as the environment is not simply the result of the behavior. But the environment does provide models for behavior. Modeling sample in observational learning is when a person watches the actions of another person and imitates that action. The social cognitive theory is that we tend to model or copy what we observe. The situations we find ourselves in is processed and shaped in our minds. What the social cognitive theory focuses on how we and our environment interact. MEANINGFUL DEFINING MOMENT My defining moment was one of great significance to me. I believe that moment saved my life, because if I would have continued down the road I was going, I wouldnt be here to write this paper today. I really thank God for that defining moment day of when I decided to follow Christ and how he delivered me from alcoholism. I really I dont remember the exact date when my journey began with Christ. I had a lot of problems in my life: drinking problems, social problems, marriage problems, and many more. They didnt fall off right then and there when I accepted Christ, but they all would gradually fall off as I continued to follow Him. Being around the people in the church put me in a different environment that I started to model. The old environment was not a good one for me because the people there were getting high and drinking. But soon I was able to stand my ground even in that environment. Like I said before the corrupt things in my life started to fall off, things started getting bet ter and my wife and I started serving together in the church. We started taking our children to church every Sunday and through the week as a family. There were still some other things that needed to fall off, like the alcoholism, which still had its evil grip on me, even as I worked and served in the church. A few other corrupt things still had their paws in me too, but I stayed around the church, and kept going because I knew there was hope there in God for me. My children, my wife and I kept going to the church and growing closer together. I believe, no, I know thats what kept us together. The word of God taught me how to love and appreciate life, and the things that I had in life like my wife family and other close friends. I learned how appreciate whatever I had at the time as a blessing from God, because the church taught me that there were some less fortunate than my family and I. I had a roof over my head and there were some people who didnt even have that, those who were ho meless. Now to get back to the struggles that I had while still in the church. I began to feel that something was wrong with me and that everyone else seemed to have their life together in God with no problems. Others seemed victorious in their Christian walk and perfect. But I still had negative thoughts attacking my mind compared to the perfect people. My wife began singing in the church before I started playing the guitar there. I thought that since she had been raised in church and because her parents were pastors, that she had an edge over me with the church thing. Although that wasnt the case, I still had my problems to process. This went on for a while like a few years, but I still battled with my alcoholism and did seek help. I dont really remember how many rehabs I entered, but I know it was more than two probably three or four, but I really dont remember. My issues with rehabs were because I felt they were the same as alcoholism, bondage, but just a different type, one to meetings. They were telling me that I would have to attend Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) for the rest of my life. One of the last rehabs I attended asked this question: Do you know anyone that has made it without attending AA meetings or any other, drug-related meeting? He said it was possible, but very rare like only two out of every two thousand individuals. That scared me, but I stated that I would just have to be one of the two. So one evening while we were attending church service, a prayer line began and I went and asked for prayer for my alcoholism. The lady that prayed for me used to have a problem with alcohol and drinking. As she laid her hands on me and prayed for God to deliver me from the grip of alcoholism, my response to her was that I was scared and had been fighting this thing a long time. I also said that I didnt want to take another drink. She responded that everything would be all right and that God would take care of it, so not to worry because it was gone. That very same ni ght I went to buy a drink, and when I reached to pay for it, I got very sick at counter of liquor store. Afterwards, I went home and got in the bed, but was still feeling sick and very weak. I went to the bathroom and passed out. My wife convinced me to go to the hospital because I was literally bleeding from every opening, from my nose, mouth, and other places. That night at the emergency room, I remembered lying there, waiting for them to care for me and the doctors checking on me through the night asking me several questions. Finally, the next day, like five oclock in the morning they scheduled many tests. The doctor explained that he had to look inside, so he took a long tube with a camera, started down my throat and looked around and around but couldnt find anything wrong with me. I asked where the bleeding came from, but he said he didnt see anything. They asked me if I did drugs or drank to get high, and I responded yes. The doctor again said to me, I dont see anything that c ould be causing you to bleed internally. So when they discharged me, they gave me instructions not to get high or drink anymore. Why did they give me these instructions? I dont know to this day forward, but after receiving them, I never got high or took another drink. Now that one major problem that I had was eliminated, I could go forward in the things of God. Remember what I said I thought something was wrong with me. My thinking was that I had to be perfect. I soon learned that the people who were around me in that environment werent so perfect after all. I learned that God doesnt expect us to be perfect, but wants us to be willing to do right things. Afterwards, my mindset changed and I realized that I didnt have to be perfect, and I celebrated deliverance from alcoholism. I gladly played the guitar with my wife during church services, taught Sunday school, and participated in a number of other things. Theres much more to this story, but I cant share all the details, because it would take longer than I have to tell it. LIFE LESSONS LEARNED The social cognitive theory speaks about observation and modeling. Theres one part in my defining moment paper that shows an example that I would like to further clarify. Being around the people in the church put me in a different environment that I started to model. There were some things they were doing in the church that I liked, and respected. Its called observational learning when a person watches the action of another person and imitates it and learns from that observation making it a part of their behavior. There were also some cognition things going on. Like the part I wrote in my paper about how I felt that something was wrong with me. Even though it was not true, in my mind it was. I wrote that I began to feel that something was wrong with me and that everyone else seemed to have their life together in God with no problems. But having those thoughts and feelings affected my behavior toward others, which was another cognitive and behavioral factor. The main cognition was the moral thoughts. My thought processes were that I needed help. Staying at the church was good for the environmental setting of the church played a part to impact my thinking. Moral performance of the people in the church was influenced by possible rewards and incentives to act a certain way. Another cognitive process was that the people seem to have a peace of mind and that was one of my incentives. The conclusion is that people do have the ability to influence their own behavior and the environment in a purposeful, goal-directed fashion. The focus of the social cognitive theory is how we and our environment interact.

Final Reflective Essay

Final Reflective Essay The word literature has a great meaning in everyday life and comes in so many different ways. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture with the imaginative or creative writing especially of recognized artistic value (Houghton Mifflin Company, 2011) is the dictionary meaning. Lyrics, poems, short stories are all kinds of literature and many authors will write something they are passionate about or have an interest in. Many instances there are times a writer will write about a particular subject or within a certain genre and they write in a manner that sometimes had a hidden meaning. To know the hidden meaning the author will use symbolism, and as a writer and reader it helps to understand the elements that go into writing a poem, short story, and lyric. The writer goes through a process of creating a theme which helps to set the tone and will help them to develop the plot. Many times an author when writing a poem or lyric will not always have a character, but will have some sort of setting that resulted from the theme. All of the elements of literature need to have been put into place, and in many times the writer will also put a hidden meaning into the story, poem, or lyrics which the reader needs to read between the lines. Symbolism can be revealed in the theme, the tone or the plot of the story, poem and lyric. To find the underlying meaning or the symbolism the author is trying to portray the reader needs to be familiar with the elements of literature. The story â€Å"Used to Live Here Once† by Jean Rhys, the poem â€Å"The Road not Taken†, by Robert Frost, and the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, by Theodore Roethke, follow the elements of literature, and have the symbolism that if the reader was not familiar with could miss the meaning of the story or poem. In the arts, the use of symbols to concentrate or intensify meaning, make the work more subjective than objective (The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide, 2010). To find the underlying meaning or symbol of the story or the poem, it is beneficial for the reader to understand how the elements form the basis of the story or poem. The author starts the process of writing by creating a theme. A theme is defined as a subject or topic or of artistic representation (Merriam-Webster, 2011). In the story â€Å"Used to Live Here Once†, the author Jean Rhys created the theme by making it about a woman who returns to where she used to once live. The theme is described in the story with using words such as â€Å"remembered† and â€Å"same-road†. Using such words helps the reader to associate with the theme and understand what the writer is trying to convey in the theme. Poems are written in the same manner that they should have a theme for the reader to understand what the writer is trying to talk about. In Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, the theme is about making choices in life and sometimes making the decision that is not usually taken. The theme is not as obvious as it was in the story of â€Å"Used to Live Here Once†. Robert Frost uses words that help the reader to relate to the theme like: â€Å"road†, â€Å"traveler†, and â€Å"one less traveled†. These words have an underlying meaning and even though they are used to help with the theme they also hold symbolism and repent choices in life. With the words that were used in the poem, it helps the reader to relate better to the theme and knowing that a word can be a symbol and have an underlying meaning helps the reader to better understand what message the writer is trying to convey. The theme of the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, by Theodore Roethke, theme was based around a child being abuse and used different words that included: â€Å"hung on†, â€Å"battered†, and â€Å"scraped†, and in using these words it had a description of someone being hit and abused. The theme of a story, poem, and lyric’s helps the writer to convey the basis of the story and how they want the literature to come across to the reader. Once the basic formation is created the author can work towards creating tone, and many times as a reader we misunderstand the tone which is also the attitude. Jean Rhys took a hidden meaning to her tone in the story, â€Å"Used to Live Here Once†, in the way she described the children and how they did not see the woman returning to the home that she once lived. The tone and attitude that the writer was trying to convey was one that was quite solemn and somewhat sad, and the tone was a bit hidden in the manner that when first reading the story the writer portrays the character and tone used seems to indicate the story is about a woman who returns home after being gone for a while, when in actuality it is about death. With the tone and attitude being hidden in the story and poems the tone does not become easy for the reader to detect and so it is considered an ironic tone. An ironic tone depends upon a contrast between what the writer’s words seem to say and what they really mean (The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide, 2010). Jean Rhys puts a twist on the story, â€Å"Used to Live Here Once†, and in order to pick up the irony from the theme the reader will need to read the entire story. The theme was based around a woman who had gone back to a place in once she lived, but the irony was she is actually dead and she did not realize what she was seeing and doing was not real. It came to the realization when the writer wrote: â€Å"She was standing by the river looking at the stepping stones and remembering each one. † (Clugston, 2010). This was part of the theme, and as the writer continues on in the story it is written, â€Å"The only thing was the sky had a glassy look that she did not remember. † (Clugston, 2010). This helped the writer when setting the tone, and as a reader a few lines later the irony comes into play. The female character had passed and even though she has returned to where she once lived she was actually dead. This was ironic, but in literature it is classified to be situational irony which occurs when a reader or character expects one thing to happen but something else happens. As a reader we expected the character to get a response from the children when she said, â€Å"Hi†, and put her arms out to touch them, but instead they turned their heads and said, â€Å"Hasn’t it gone cold all of a sudden. D ’you notice? † (Clugston, 2010). Writers of poems sometimes use the same type of irony and they leave it to the reader to read between the lines. The title of the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, has an ironic tone because it suggests that it is about the narrator’s father, and â€Å"dancing a waltz†, and just like the story is situational irony. As a reader we would expect to hear how his dad dances the waltz and not expect the story to be about the young boy being hit by his father. Picking up on some of the lines in the poem like â€Å"at every step you missed my right ear scraped a buckle† (gawow. om). In this poem the irony was with the title not reflecting a dance but a beating. This poem like the story had the same type of ironic tone, and that is not always the case, and the ironic tone being so obvious. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost, the reader needs to read between the lines to get the meaning of the poem. Th e first lines in the poem are written â€Å"two roads diverged in a yellow wood† (bartleby. com) and at first reading it reads as though someone was walking through the woods and came to two roads but was not sure which way to go. Reading on through the poem it written â€Å"somewhere ages and ages hence: two roads diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference† (bartleby. com). The tone was set that someone came to roads and decided to walk down the one less people took, but the irony is that is not what the meaning was to the poem. The meaning is hidden and the irony is Robert Frost was not talking about a road but paths we take in life. There are times in life we need to choose the path and sometimes that choice makes all the difference. The writers all took to writing in a manner that had an underlying meaning in an ironic tone, and can have a lot of symbolism. A symbol is the art or practice of using symbols especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning or by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visible or sensuous representations (merriam-webster. com), and writers use symbols many times in their writings. Many times they use a symbol in an unconventional or traditional way. The military uses symbols to represent each branch of the service and those are generally obvious but when a reader is reading a story, poem, or lyric it is not as obvious. Jean Rhys’ used the words glassy to symbolism an unclear vision that her character had that symbolized what she was seeing was not actually real. The symbol’s representation helped the writer to set the theme and tone of the story. Stories often have some type of symbolism and they really help the reader to visualize what the writer is trying to convey. Just like a tone the symbol may not be so obvious but the reader will need to read between the lines. Creating a symbol in a story or poem helps the reader better understand the piece. In the poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, the waltz was a symbol. The waltz was not to represent the dance around the floor, but an actual fight. The lines written in the poem indicates just that when it was written, â€Å"we romped until the pans slid from the kitchen shelf. † (gawow. com). Just the line alone would not tell the reader that the waltz was a symbol of abuse, but the reader will need to read between the lines, and understanding that can help the writer convey the message by using symbolism. To some people a symbol has a great meaning and can represent a divine being or spirit. Thinking of a divine being of spirit, we tend to think of someone from beyond coming back like in â€Å"Used to Live Here One†, but in â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, the symbol is a divine spirit. The person who came to an impasse in their lives had to make a choice and an inner spirit helped them to choose the one that was best. Using symbols to represent things in someone’s life can be one that you can physically touch or can be a representation of something that cannot be touched. A writer uses many of things to symbolism something else and to realize that it helps that a reader understand how literature is formed by a writer. The writer takes many steps in creating a story, poem, or lyric in which the reader will enjoy. The way that the writer creates and sets a theme for their writing correlates too many aspects of using the literary terms. Once the theme has been set the writer needs to convey the tone in which they want the reader to interpret their writings. Many instances a reader will need to read between the lines in order to understand what tone the writer is writing in. The theme and tone all tie into the representation of a symbol and reading between the lines can help the reader. The writer uses symbols to symbolize something in the theme, while setting tone of story, poem, or lyrics. The writer does their best to create an enjoyable story, poem and lyric so that the reader will continue to read or share it with others. Not always does a reader need to know the literary terms but it is a good idea to know what the writer is trying to convey. references The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide. (2010). Retrieved June 2011, from Credo Reference: http://www. credoreference. com/entry/heliconhe/symbolism Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey Into Literature. San Diego: Bridgepoint Eduation, Inc. Frost, R. (1920). bartelby. com. Retrieved June 2011, from bartelby. com Great Biiiks Online: http://www. bartleby. com/119/1. html Houghton Mifflin Company. (2011). Thefreedictionary. Retrieved June 2011, from http://www. thefreedictionary. com/literature Merriam-Webster. (2011). Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved June 2011, from Merriam-Webster A Encyclopedia Britannica Company: http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/theme? show=0&t=1309486471 Roethke, T. (1942). Retrieved June 2011, from Poemhunter. com: http://www. gawow. com/roethke/poems/43. html