The Neighbourhood Principle

Has The Neighbourhood Principle failed? â€Å"My neighbour asked me if he could use my lawnmower and I told him of course he could, so long as he didn’t take it out of my garden. †1 This is the concept which most people tend to associate the word ‘neighbour’ with. However, in the court room, the word makes a decisive shift away from this traditional meaning and endeavours to establish to whom a common law duty of care is owed. The law has expanded considerably by the onset of the concept of foreseeable plaintiffs which is almost 80 years in existence in the UK.It is evasive in determining â€Å"whether proximity should now be regarded as a discrete analytical concept around which arguments may be constructed, or merely as a slippery expression reflective of the fairness, justice and reasonableness of imposing a duty of care upon the defendant in the light of the nature of his relationship with the claimant. † 2 This essay sets out to establish whethe r the neighbour principle was successful or if it has fallen short and where, it will present court decisions, statutes and constitutional provisions pertinent to this area of law.In articulating what was meant by â€Å"the neighbour principle†, Lord Atkin famously stated the following proposition: â€Å"The rule that you must love your neighbour becomes in law you must not injure your neighbour; and lawyer’s question, ‘who is my neighbour? ’ receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions 1 2 Eric Morecombe (English comedian, 1926-84) Hartstone, J. , ‘Confusion, contradiction and chaos within the House of Lords post Caparo v. Dickman’, (2008) 16 Tort L Rev 8 which you can reasonably foresee would be liable to injure your neighbour?The answer seems to be – persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question. †3 His definition was to become the foundation stone of later cases involving negligence and was, in due course, accepted as â€Å"the first definitive test of when a duty of care was owed. †4 Atkin’s statement has given rise to much discussion. At first, some displayed uneasiness at the very wide and flexible terms in which it was propounded 56.It is important to remark that this neighbour principle formed part of the ratio decidendi of Atkin’s judgment but that it cannot be said that it is the ratio decidendi of his decision. â€Å"For although both Lord Thankerton and Lord Macmillan contemplated the addition of new duties to the law of negligence, neither of them attempted to formulate the principle or principles upon which this might be done. Nor is the generalising approach of the neighbour principle appropriate to the criminal law, where precision and certainty are all-importan t. †7 As a consequence of the Donaghue v.Stevenson [1932] case in the UK, the people were given a potential remedy to take against the providers of consumer products even where no privity contract had been in existence between the 3 4 Ibid at 580 Connolly, U. , Tort Law, (Second Audition, Thomson Reuters (Professional) Ireland Limited, Dublin, 2009) at 16 5 Smith v. Howden’s Ltd [1953] N. I. 137 per Lord MacDermott C. J. 6 London Graving Dock Co. Ltd. v. Horton [1951] A. C. 736 7 Heuston, R. F. V. , ‘Salmond on the Law of Torts’, 17th edition, (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1977) at 198 complainant and the individual or company tortfeasors.If the proviso for ascertaining that a duty of care was met, then such individuals could bring negligence claims in any situation. The dictum was accepted into Irish law in Kirby v. Burke [1944]. 8 The decision in this case â€Å"stands on the boundaries of actionable negligence,†9 and does not contend nor purport to gi ve guidance on the obligations arising from already distinguished duties, or in fact, recognisable relationships – e. g. that of occupier and visitor. 10 Sometimes the particular duty can subsist contemporaneously with the Atkinian duty,11 but sometimes it displaces it. 2 Duties may be divided into those owed to someone else i. e. â€Å"if it was imposed for the benefit of that someone else;†13 and duties owed to no one in particular i. e. if it was not imposed for the benefit of a particular individual but was imposed for the benefit of the community as a whole or for the benefit of some section of the community. †14 In an ever conscious society, there was much need for the modernisation of the law with regard to the wider duties and especially the neighbourhood principle. The Anns v.Merton15 case brought about the ‘two-stage test’ in order to ascertain 8 9 Kirby v. Burke [1944] I. R. 207 Smith v. Howdens Ltd. [1953] N. I. 131, 137, per Lord MacDerm ott C. J. 10 Smith v. Scott [1973] Ch. 314 11 Commissioners for Railways v. McDermott [1967] A. C. 1054 12 Commissioners for Railways v. Quinlan [1964] A. C. 1054 13 Bagshaw, R. and McBride, N. , ‘Tort Law’, (Pearson Education Limited, Essex, 2001) at 3 14 Ibid at 3 15 Anns. v. Merton London Borough Council [1978] A. C. 728 the existence of a duty of care in negligence.Lord Wilberforce initiated the requirement of: I. II. â€Å"A sufficient relationship of proximity based upon foreseeability†16 And secondly, the deliverance of reasons as to why a duty of care should not exist. In 1990, concerns arose with regard to the duty of care. 17 â€Å"Lord Bridge and Oliver in Caparo sought to remove any temptation on the part of the practitioners to view proximity as a discrete legal concept capable of precise application to the resolution of legal disputes. Instead, encouragement was given to view proximity in descriptive terms rather than as a definitive concept. 18 Th is time a three-stage test was introduced to establish a duty of care I. II. III. Foreseeability of damage was required, A relationship characterised by neighbourhood19 And that it would be fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty which would benefit the other party. â€Å"The Caparo tripartite approach made no reference to the concept of policy. Instead, Lord Bridge spoke only in terms of a duty of care being imposed where the 16 17 18 Ibid at 741 Caparo Industries Plc v. Dickman [1990] 2 A. C. 605 Op cit 2 as per judgment of Lord Atkin ‘Caparo v.Dickman’ (2008) 16 Tort L Rev ‘Caparo v. Dickman’ (2008) 16 Tort L Rev 8Lawbook Co. at 13 8Lawbook Co. at 13 19 court considered that it would be fair, just and reasonable to do so. †20 It is also interesting to note that a two-part test is now in place in certain jurisdictions, e. g. New Zealand, for novel fact circumstances where the finding of a duty now has to be balanced against applicable policy mat ters. 21 The two-step test established in Donaghue22 and later developed in Anns23 was that accepted by the Irish courts until 2002 until the decision of Glencar Exploration Plc v.Mayo County Council [2002]. 24 This case marked the adaptation of a two-step test which gave precedence to the â€Å"incrementalist approach†25 that was being applied in the English courts at the time. Implications of the decision in this case made by the Supreme Court became blatant in the case of Fletcher v. Commissioners of Public Works. 26 â€Å"A plaintiff who suffered reasonably foreseeable psychiatric injury, which had resulted from the defendant’s negligence towards him as his employer, was denied the damages awarded to him by the Supreme Court on ‘policy’ grounds. 27 This new approach is much more sympathetic. Since 2005, proximity has once again come to the fore with regards to decisions made by the House, some of their Lordships have adopted it as a â€Å"central ana lytical tool for disposing of appeals. †28 Thus, the notion that this principle of 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Ibid at 13 Scott Group Ltd. v. McFarlane [1978] 1 N. Z. L. R. 553 Op cit. 4 Op Cit 19 Glencar Exploration Plc v. Mayo County Council [2002] 1 I. R. 84 Class notes on Negligence authored by Connolly, U. , distributed by Hackett. C. Fletcher v.Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland [2003] 2 I. R. 465 Byrne & Binchy, Annual Review of Tort Law, (2003) at 526 Op cit 26 at 13 proximity could â€Å"have been elevated to the dignity of being a concept in its own right†29 originated. It is subsequently unclear now as to whether it should be regarded as â€Å"a discrete analytical concept around which arguments may be constructed, or merely as a slippery expression reflective of the fairness, justice and reasonableness of imposing a duty of care upon the defendant in the light of the nature of his relationship with the claimant. 30 To bring to a close, the term ‘ neighbour’ and proximity clearly have a much wider interpretation – physical proximity, causal proximity or indeed the denotation of a legal relationship. Furthermore, if this test is satisfied, it is then up to the court to decide whether any policy reasons (or otherwise) exist so as not to acknowledge a duty of care in that particular case. The elusiveness of how this dictum is interpreted may never be resolved. It is the application of policy to novel situations of what is fair, just and reasonable that has instigated the advancement of the neighbour principle.In other fields of law, the broader legal concepts of reasonableness and unconscionability are applied every day. The courts are in a state of uncertainty with regard to the dictum. It is evident that the law has had to expand considerably. So perhaps, in the future, the test of fair, just and reasonable as displayed in the Glencar31 case will be triumphant due to its conversion of the practical, everyday test for negligence into the legal test. Despite having its flaws, it still makes the law comprehensible to all. 29 30 31 Ibid at 13 Ibid at 13 Op cit 34

Contrast Essay About Two Countries

Every country has its own characteristics and a person is recognized by his country. In this modern era, every country is trying to make progress and wants to be best among all other countries. All countries are different in world. There is no country that is exactly the same as others. Every country has its own culture, rules and regulations. Canada and Pakistan are two different countries and both countries have many differences regarding festivals, food and places. Festivals of Canada and Pakistan are mostly different from each other. Unlike Canada, there are mostly religious festivals in Pakistan.In Canada, people celebrate the Valentine’s Day that represent the love and devotions for each other. In Pakistan, people used to celebrate the festival called Shabraat. It is an Islamic festival in which people pray to God whole night and they request to God to forgive us for the mistakes that they did in past. On the other hand people of Canada celebrate a festival named Hallowe n. In this festival people share happiness in the form of candies and sweets and this festival is specially for children. In Pakistan people celebrate a festival Ramzan.In this festival, people fasts during the day in the true sense of the word, that is, he had merely denies himself food and water and  strict control over his tongue, eyes, ears, thoughts and deeds and does everything possible to seek the pleasure of God. Food is also a major difference in Pakistan and Canada. People of Canada eat almost everything but in Pakistan there is a concept of Halal and Haram. Everything on this earth is permissible, unless evidence is provided for its prohibition. The evidence could be direct text from the Quran,about specific creatures.Prohibited animal would be identified by the characteristics of an animal features described in the prohibition. For example, all fanged animals are prohibited. In Canada, people drink alcoholic things and they are free to purchase these things from anywhe re. In Pakistan, People are not allowed to drink alcoholic things and no one can sell these items as it is punishable by Islamic laws. For this reason, most observant Muslims avoid alcohol in any form, even small amounts that are sometimes used in cooking. Canada and Pakistan have many sight seeing places hat attract the tourists but both countries have different places regarding to their characteristics. In Canada, there is Niagra Falls that attracts the people of whole world. It is the collective name for three  waterfalls  that straddle  the international border  between the  Canadian province of  Ontario  and the  U. S. state  of  New York. Pakistan is a country in which you would find a variety of historical places that signify the unique traditions and culture of the country. These places are of extraordinary significance for people interested in history, at the same time they may act as an attraction for tourists.Most significant historical places in the c ountry include Harappa, Mohenjo- Daro and Taxila. Harappa is situated approximately 200 km from Lahore in the Montgomery District of Punjab. It is the place of the historic Indus Valley Civilization settlement which is as old as 5000 years and is a civilization which the modern day people almost forgot about. After go through to the major differences of both countries, it can be observed that Canada and Pakistan are totally different from each other and these differences make both countries great and unique.

Business Environment of Reed Elsevier

Business Environment of Reed Elsevier The following report details the findings of our research carried out on the business environment of Reed Elsevier PLC. We have incorporated strategy analysis tools such as SWOT, Porters 5 Forces Framework and Financial Analysis to aid us in analyzing all the relevant internal and external factors that play important roles in shaping Reed Elsevier’s business environment. 1.1 Introduction Reed Elsevier is a leading provider of professional research information to organizations around the world. It publishes journals, books and databases and manages exhibitions and events. Its well-known titles such as New Scientist and The Lancet – appear both in print and online. Reed Elsevier has a worldwide customer base working in many fields, including science, research and the law, as well as in public and academic libraries and commercial organizations. This includes around 11 million scientists who access information direct from Reed Elsevier’s ScienceDirect database, whi ch is the world’s largest online library of full-text research papers. Reed Elsevier was formed in 1993 when the businesses of the British Publisher Reed International and the Dutch publisher Elsevier NV merged. The company now operates in more than 200 locations worldwide with annual revenues for 2010 being  £6 billon. To enable the business to focus on specific customer needs, the company has five divisions. They are Elsevier, LexisNexis Risk Solutions, LexisNexis Legal & Professional, Reed Exhibitions and Reed Business Information. 1.1.1 Elsevier Elsevier is the world’s leading provider of scientific and medical information and serves scientists, health professionals and students worldwide. It annually produces over 200,000 new research articles in over 1,100 journals every year, with ScienceDirect, its flagship electronic solution accessed by over 11 million users. Elsevier’s contribution to the total revenue of Reed Elsevier for the year 2010 amounts to 3 4% while it is accountable for 46% of the group’s total operating profit as shown in the pie charts below. 1.1.2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions LexisNexis Risk Solutions provides data and analytics to enable its customers to evaluate and manage risks associated with transactions and improve performance. It is also a leading provider of work flow solutions that combine proprietary, public and third party information, analytics and advanced technology. These solutions assist customers in evaluation, predicting and managing risk and improving operational effectiveness, predominantly in the US. Its contribution to total revenue is 15% while it accounts for 23% of the groups operating profit during the last financial year. 1.1.3 LexisNexis Legal & Professional This division is charged with providing content and information solutions for the legal and other corporate markets with a customer base in over 100 countries. LexisNexis Legal & Professional provides resources and services that inform decisions and increase productivity within organizations. For the year ended 31 December 2010, this division contributed 28% towards the group’s revenue while its contribution towards operating profit was 15%. 1.1.4 Reed Exhibitions Reed exhibitions contributed 11% and 10% towards group revenue and operating profit respectively during the year 2010 and was responsible for the staging of over 460 events in 36 countries which brought together over seven million active participants worldwide in 2010. 1.1.5 Reed Business Information Reed Business Information provides business information, online data and marketing solutions. Through industry critical data services, lead generation tools, over 200 community and job sites and more than 200 premier business magazines, Reed Business Information provides valued information to professionals and an effective channel for advertisers. It was responsible for 12% of group revenue in 2010 and 6% of the groups operating profit.

Discuss the positive and negative impact of globalisation with Essay

Discuss the positive and negative impact of globalisation with reference to two contrasting countries. (India and the United Sta - Essay Example This essay identifies the positive and negative impacts of globalisation as they pertain to India and the United States. India India is considered a developing economy that has recently experienced explosive gains in relation to skilled labour provision and development along with a boastful technological prowess (samachartoday.com, 2011). Much of this positive growth in technological know-how seems to stems from market opportunities that provide the country with increased foreign direct investment as it has been identified as a need to sustain growth in India (business.rediff.com, 2010). According to Yusuf, Altaf & Nabeshima (2004), foreign firms have been looking for new market potential in this developing nation and have been willing to invest considerable capital into assisting the country in further technological developments. These interested firms in areas of sales and marketing and finance have assisted in raising capital for domestic Indian firms and provided considerable lab our-related expertise in multiple industries (Yusuf, et al). Globalisation is the catalyst for these improvements as foreign firms look for developing marketplaces to distribute their products. Higher demand in global automotive consumption has also improved the infrastructure of Indian business, thus giving the country more opportunities to improve their own transportation network. Since many of these demanding consumers hail from geographically-close regions, such as China, India now has opportunities to expand their port system to improve the delivery efficiency and supply chain capabilities for automotive companies and related industries. India, in order to meet this demand and earn higher profit through the transportation system, has created a dedicated port terminal that increases the speed by which automotive products are off-loaded, thus making India an ideal location for supply chain-related distribution (portstrategy.com, 2008). Globalisation in relation to global consumer sales has given India considerable advantages and better relationships with automotive manufacturers worldwide. Meanwhile, India has improved its educational infrastructure as well, thus providing its labour pool with more talent as it is related to technology and software development (Commander, Chanda, Kangasniemi & Winters, 2008). Much of these improvements were built on the foundation of American and European outsourcing efforts in relation to call centre development that evolved over time (Warne, 2011). As the government witnessed better increases in job opportunities, thus creating more disposable consumer income, more funds from political forces have been invested into improving educational capacity within the country. However, despite all of these improvements, India has some drawbacks in relation to the impact of globalisation. The foreign funds flooding the country from interested direct investors has made the government somewhat lax in identifying new opportunities and r emained dedicated to capital gains. What this has created is a drop in stock value for companies not related to finance and capital growth, thus weakening the financial position of certain industries (Merchant, 2006). India is not

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing plan - Essay Example The Insider Fashions has got a good reception to in the market, thanks to its broad range of customers. Its target market has found the place a one stop shop for all the family fashion. This has brought the need for the store to stretch its branches in various parts of the state. Therefore, it is only from a good marketing plan that the operations of this company can be well executed. Mission Statement, Goals and Objectives The mission of The Insider Fashion Store is to ‘’use the displayed opportunity in the current trends in fashion to provide the best outfit solution to all categories of customers, under one roof, through vigorous market research and rapid product design’’. Its vision is to ‘’become a world class store of the best outfits to all consumer categories’’. As a progressive store, The Insider has a goal to cover all the states in the USA by 2014. SWOT Analysis i. Strengths The Insider Fashions Store is a one stop shop for all the family cloths; therefore it attracts a broad range of customers. There is a welcoming mood created by the store’s employees, where customers are ushered in, well attended to and even provided with snacks to keep them shopping even for longer hours. The store stocks a range of products from all over the world, most of which, come from the most reputable brands in the world. It has partnered with children's entertainment companies to provide various entertainment facilities like video games for the children. This makes the parents to prefer the store since they can move in with their children and stay for longer hours without the children complaining Provision of trial rooms where the outfits are tried by customers to confirm the sizes. ii. Weaknesses The store is forced to charge relatively higher prices than its competitors since it deals with exclusive high quality products which come from far and at high prices. There is need to train employees thoroughly befor e they are employed, this makes the store to lose a lot of money in training iii. Opportunities All the store’s branches have been strategically placed at busy malls and near big colleges where there is a thrilling lot of customers There is a need for a one stop shopping store for all the family outfits which the store has exploited. There is still need for such stores in various parts of the state, an opportunity that the store has taken up positively and planning for further expansion. The store specializes in training its employee and is now planning to start up a commercial training college for such services. iv. Threats There is stiff competition that the store receives from several other stores set up in the state. By opening up a commercial training facility, there are high chances that the store will disperse its idea of success which other people will use to start up other stores like The Insider. There is also a threat of the new companies that are entering the mark et with new strategies The store has a threat of losing its international customers in case similar stores are starting up in the customers’ respective countries. Market Segmentation The market will be segmented in the strength of the customers’ demographic characteristics. The stores around colleges will be stocked up with various youth outfits, more than the other outfits of other age categories. The prices at these stores near colleges will also be lowered to consider that the targeted clients at these places are students who have tendencies of spending less money. For example, one

(TV)Media Influence on Youth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(TV)Media Influence on Youth - Essay Example B. Lower the self-esteem of preteens resulting to lowering self -confidence about their bodies. III. Watching many programs consumes much time for academic work and physical exercises A. Result to poor academic performance. B. Contribute to development of obesity and unhealthy weight gain due to lack of physical exercises. IV. We need to promote watching beneficial programs and encourage parental participation in children activities. A. Censored programs are important source of knowledge and entertainment for preteens. B. Parental involvement in child upbringing protects preteen from being negatively influenced by Television. Media plays an important role by shaping our social, religious, economic and political aspects. In this era of rapid technological advancement, information is flowing at unprecedented rate and though there are many forms of accessing information, television remains one of the most common and influential to all people in the society. Young people especially prete ens and adolescents form a major segment of TV audience and according to Comstock and Paik (1991, p51), television programs have major influence on their behaviors. In United States, the public is concerned over the frequent depiction of violent and sexually explicit programs and the harm that the programs present to the youth. This development comes after many studies have established that such programs adversely affect children on short term and long-term basis (Anderson & Bushman, 2002, p234). This paper expounds on the negative influences of television on preteens and adolescents. According to Comstock and Paik (1991, p59), television programs with violent content enhance immediate and long-term development of aggression and violent behavior on preteens and young adults. The intensity of these behaviors depend on the severity of the violent programs, with Rosenthal (1986, p 143) noting that preteens who watch extremely violent programs have higher likelihood of developing severe forms of aggression. Empirical studies have established that short-term exposure to violent programs increases the likelihood of preteens developing physical and verbal abuse behavior, aggressive emotions and violent thoughts. Many research studies attribute aggression by adults later in life to the effects of frequently exposing children to violent content in the television and other forms of electronic media. These behaviors are manifested in the high prevalence of violent crimes such as aggravated assaults, homicide, physical assaults, domestic and spousal violence in addition to rape among others (Freedman, 2002, p37). Behavioral scientists have developed several theories to explain how exposure to violent or sexually explicit content affects the behavior of the viewer. According to Comstock and Paik (1991, p61), violent programs in the television initiates a short-term effect that increases the existing aggressive cognitions in children and young adults. This results to an inc rease in psychological arousal that triggers an automatic reaction to emulate the observed behavior. Therefore, exposure to violent content produces long lasting effect on the young persons, through several learning processes that lead to acquisition of long-term aggressive behavior. The long-term behaviors include development of aggression supporting beliefs, abnormal response to violent behavior such as; tolerating violence, aggression in social

What do you think is the most significant change in correctional Essay - 1

What do you think is the most significant change in correctional policy in the last 100 year and why important - Essay Example In this system, culprits were sentenced to a fortification in a city square. â€Å"Punishments ranged from physical torture to corporal infliction of pain which were executed in public† (Latessa). However, in the southern states of America convicts were used to provide labor for the state and to the rich private entrepreneurs. Duffee asserts â€Å"Inmates were often held in chains where they worked together in private sector while living in poorly managed camps owned by rich businessmen†. The suffering, torture and other forms of mistreatment inflicted on the prisoners prompted political and human rights activists into action and immediately called for observance of human rights. This effort saw stoppage of prisoners’ labor in private firms. In addition, correctional facilities had to be established at a central location to ensure that basic facilities were availed in response to the convicts’ demands and reasons for the riot. Prisoners were subjected to a fairly just treatment and allowed to wear clothes though chained onto rings around their ankles. Several other changes in policies have taken place since then, with the most outstanding change in policy taking place after the First World War. Currently, the new prisons structures in the world have a provision for inmates’ education as well as other important facilities. But what goal should education serve in the prisoner’s life? Sutherland asserts thus â€Å"the objective of prison education in its broadcast sense should be socialization of inmates through varied impression and expressional activities, with emphasis on individual inmate needs†. Therefore the aim of educational programs in penal institutions should be to equip prisoners with necessary skills and the ability to view life in a positive attitude. The changes witnessed today is a product of political and human rights activism that

Notes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Notes - Term Paper Example An effort has been made to present notes that have practical implications. Notes of a fictitious company are as under: 1. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as applicable to UK, and the Interpretations of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRIC). Principal financial accounting and valuation methods used to prepare consolidated financial statements are set out in each of the following sections. The accounting methods are generally unchanged as compared to the previous year. 4. The consolidated financial statement includes the financial statements of the Principal and the group companies in which group holds stake (its subsidiaries) until 31st December of each year. Majority stakes of the group deem to exist if the group can determine the financial and managerial policies of a subsidiary in order to obtain economic advantages. a. In case of acquisition of a company, the capital is consolidated using acquisition method. The assets and liabilities of respective subsidiaries are valued at market value attributable at the time of acquisition. If the acquisition costs exceed the attributable current market value of the acquired identifiable assets and liabilities, the capitalised difference is shown as goodwill; otherwise it is immediately adjusted against income. The Non- Controlling interests are reported as part of the current values of the stated assets and liabilities corresponding to their respective interests. d. The earnings as well as assets and liabilities of associated companies are incorporated in this consolidated financial statement using the equity method of accounting. Interests in associated companies are given in SFP as acquisition costs adjusted by changes in the group share of net income following acquisition, and losses due to depreciation. Losses that exceed the

Relationships and Expectations of Older Hispanic Adults Essay

Relationships and Expectations of Older Hispanic Adults - Essay Example The health expectations of older Hispanic adults tend to diminish with aging, but this is not always realistic. There are also cultural issues that result from the aging process, which affects the healthcare expectations of older Hispanics. Some older Hispanics might even unknowingly assume the stereotypical expectations of old age, and may not even take medications or treatment for serious health conditions. This is because they tend to dismiss the symptoms, which are most treatable and attributing them to being an inevitable part of the aging process. The results of recent studies suggest that mortality rate among older Hispanics are significantly lower than that of non-Hispanic whites, both for men and for women. Cultural factors, expectations, and relationships are critical for the provision of information about healthcare services to older Hispanic adults. Older Hispanics adults might also beliefs deeply rooted in seeking God’s help for their minor health problems, thereb y leading to a situation where they only go to healthcare providers when there is a serious medical problem. Some older Hispanics may also not have a good understanding of the technical terms.The issue of personal touch is very important in the relationship between older Hispanics adults and their health care providers. It is imperative that older Hispanics endeavor to share their feelings with their doctors, in order to ensure that these older Hispanics get a feeling of actually being listened to and cared for.

Air Export Procedure Benchmarking for Thai Customs Process Dissertation

Air Export Procedure Benchmarking for Thai Customs Process - Dissertation Example To gather data from the customers and other significant players in the Thai customs, this research shall entail the use of questionnaires, interviews and in-depth review of literature on the same and related topic. The data collected shall be analysed appropriately to come up with solutions to the research problem and recommendations to the Thai customs department (Greene & Caracelli, 1997). 3.1 Purpose of Research In general, the research shows how Thai customs bureau behaves in exportation process. The primary study of this research aims to illustrate current practice of air export procedure on behalf of Thai customs bureau. Thus, objectives of the dissertation are derived and demonstrate as following: To investigate exportation process on behalf of Suvarnabhumi Airport Cargo Clearance Customs Bureau. To illustrate Thai export procedures by air in the process flow structure. To address existing problems/difficulties of the process To address existing difficulties occurred in the pr ocess. To draw up a conclusion and give recommendation to improve the service delivery at the customs based on the results and literature review process. Each stage of export procedures handling by Thai customs is investigated comprehensively and is illustrated as a flow chart. Low-level process is demonstrated as a framework to further extend of the study. The research intends to enhance performance of existing customs processes. By evaluating and comparing present practices of Thai Customs Bureau with the selected benchmark aim to observe and criticise an existing practice. In order that the proposed solution to be discovered and, especially, the objectives mentioned to be attained, the research purposes have been defined which brought up a research question as following: What is the most viable method that Thai Customs administration can employ to improve its overall performance in terms of air exportation procedures, can alteration of the procedure be altered with reference to a selected benchmark? 3.2 Research Strategy To successfully conduct this research, mix method qualitative research shall be employed the use of the mix methods will lead to more reliable and valid results. Quantitative method relies on the positivism principle which facts are focused on and likely to be objective. To get results in a quantitative research, aims are subdivided into clearly defined variables. On the other hand, qualitative rejects the idea of positivism and associates with phenomenology principle which pays more attention on meanings of human interests (Easterby-Smith et al., 1991; Bryman and Bell, 2007). Qualitative research entails setting stress on describing, understanding a complex phenomenon, it investigates the relationship and patterns that contribute to a given phenomenon, and this kind of research is mostly helpful creating theories and provision of hypothesis to clarify the phenomenon. As stated by Bryman and Bell (2007), the idea of quantitative approach is on about quantification of collected data as well as the data analysis component which the research is built on. Conversely, qualitative research is based on neither amount of data nor the data analysis approach but the quality of data and records. Instead of theories testing of quantitative rese

The Reality of the Truth Essay Example for Free

The Reality of the Truth Essay What exactly is the truth? Is it reality, sincerity, integrity? Is it accuracy and honesty? How can we tell the difference between the truth and lies? Why does the media have the power to decide for us what is true? As Oscar Wilde once said The truth is rarely pure and never simple. This statement sums up the difficulties of telling the truth, and this is furthermore shown in Rob Sitch et als Frontline, Lies by Michael Leunig and the poem Nothing to Report by May Herschel Clarke. The television show Frontline follows the day to day running of a current affairs show. It shows both on and off air aspects of what people involved with television go though on a daily basis. Mike Moore (Rob Sitch) plays the naive host of the show, who seems to think the whole world revolves around him. An example of this is when Emma sarcastically thanks him for helping with a story and he says Thats ok. Brian is the executive manager of the show and he ultimately decides what is shown on the show and what isnt. Brooke is another reporter who uses deception and manipulation to present the truth. Emma does work behind the scenes and often she should be credited, but the reporters need their ego maintained so she is never recognised for her hard work. Marty is another reporter who has been in the business for a long time, and although he knows about Frontline presenting the incorrect truth, he does nothing to stop them. Like all current affairs shows, the team at Frontline are concerned with gaining ratings every night, rather than telling the real truth to people. One example of this is during the episode Add sex and stir where Brooke interviews a woman booted off her sports team because she wasnt a lesbian. This in fact is not the truth because she was kicked off the team due to her poor form, not her sexuality. Viewers are then manipulated into thinking that the sport is a lesbian sport, and the reputations of the team and sport are ruined. Marty sums up this sensationalising of real truth in one quote, Ancient current affairs recipe my grandmother gave me, you take any story, add sex and stir (Marty, Add sex and stir) Dismissal of the real truth is another technique that the current affairs show Frontline uses to gain ratings. In the episode We aint got dames, Mike wishes to do a story on illegal sweatshops, but Brian dismisses it as being too heavy for the viewers. After much persuasion, Mike thinks he has convinced Brian to show his story (because his ego has finally been satisfied), but the story ends up being a fashion show, totally insulting any work that Mike has done. Although this story did attract more viewers than the sweatshop story would have, it only promotes the fact that viewers lack in knowledge about the real current issues, and they need to show pretty people with bright lights to get their attention. There are many techniques used in Frontline which expose the manipulation that current affairs shows go through to gain ratings. Irony is shown in the episode The siege, where Brooke asks Mrs. Forbes to sign a contract so only frontline can report her story because, Some shows are very unscrupulous (Brooke, The Seige) Brooke says not to give the story to other stations because they might twist her story around to bring out a point she wasnt making, but the irony was that their show was doing exactly that. Use of a handheld camera behind the scenes of the current affairs show can bring out the truth behind the lies, what we see on television may not be true in real life. This applies to Mike in the episode Add sex and stir where he is on Burkes Backyard. He is asked questions about current affairs and does not know how to answer them, then tries to defend himself by asking Burke about plants but he knows everything about them. Although he is shown as an intelligent and well presented man on television, in real life he doesnt know anything. This is also seen when Mike takes part in an ABC debate, but during his introduction all of his material is said and Mike doesnt have anything good to say, which shows that he is not a good speaker in person as he is behind the desk. There is also use of verisimilitude in the show Frontline, with many real media personalities being on the show to make it seem more realistic in telling the truth. Examples of these celebrities are Harry M Miller, Cheryl Kernot, and Bert Newton. The cartoon Lies by Michael Leunig also exposes that the media manipulates and distorts the truth, so it really is presented to us as a lie or the untruth. The cartoon shows people living in their world, but everything has the label lies on it. The billboard which says lies shows that many companies engage in deceptive advertising, and although they arent supposed to do that, they still convince people to buying their products. The newspaper titled lies shows that journalists write from their own perspective and can distort the truth to suit their opinions. The person wearing the lies shirt shows that behind brand name corporations there are lies. An example of this is making clothing in sweatshops then selling it for triple the price of what its really worth (like Nike shoes) and people are paying top dollar just to wear a symbol, which supposedly brings them into an elite group of people, but really they are just lying to themselves. The point Michael Leunig is trying to make is enforced through the main technique of repetition. The word lies is seen 11 times in the comic, and it is the only word on the cartoon. If lies was only mentioned once, many people would not take notice of it, but since it is printed on the billboard, buildings, truck, newspaper, shirt and drink, it shows that lies are everywhere and it really is a big issue. Like the television series Frontline, this cartoon exposes that the world we live in is full of lies and deception, and the media controls what we see and listen to. It is their opinion what we believe, and many people, rather than refuting what is being presented to them in the media, just believe it and keep going with their lives. The poem Nothing to Report by May Herschel Clarke is written during the war times (1940s). During this time, leaders of the country were trying to convince people to fight overseas as a soldier, with hope of coming back as a brave hero. For this heroic image to come to light, anything negative about death in the war would have to be shielded from the people, or else they wouldnt enlist. Ms Clarkes poem targets this issue, talking about how easily death can come, One minute we was laughin next he lays beside me, grinnin dead. After the death, the papers had nothing to report; therefore they were with holding the truth from people. May Herschel Clarke couldnt possibly have been the only one with a death not reported, but no one else seemed to be doing anything about it, because the media has always been very powerful. The poem is written in colloquial language, which could reflect on her education, upbringing or location. This could also be written in that style to follow a rhyming sequence. The last line is a metaphor which shows that the paper is such an effective form of communication, it might as well be a person. Theres nothin to report the papers said This text is very similar to the television series Frontline, in trying to expose the media in its with holding and distortion of the truth. Another example in frontline of withholding the truth is during the episode This night of nights where Mike wishes to do a story about Telecom tapping into phone conversations, but seeing as they are a major sponsor of the television show, frontline cant expose the truth, and give Mike a mobile phone to help him forget about it. If this truth was exposed, telecom would have received many complaints and much abuse, but they would have deserved it. Instead there are still people at home not suspecting a thing. In the end Mike is disadvantaged from not pursuing the story because they listen to his phone conversation about being caught drink driving, and expose him in the newspapers. In the poem Nothing to report, the last line sums up that the media does with hold information and it shouldnt be their right to decide what we see or dont see. Telling the truth is a hard concept to deal with. From the texts Frontline (Rob Sitch et. al. ), Lies by Michael Leunig and Nothing to Report by May. Herschel Clarke we can see that the media does control what we see and believe, but it isnt necessarily the truth. Why does the media have the power to decide what is true? Well if they presented us the facts and let us decide for ourselves, they wouldnt have ratings. We are surrounded by the media (as seen in lies) and it is hard for us to ignore it all. The truth is rarely pure and never simple, in listening to the truth there is always some form of bias, but we must leave it to ourselves to find out many versions of the so called truth and decide for ourselves what we believe.

The Life of Martin Guerre Essay Example for Free

The Life of Martin Guerre Essay 1) Much of the first page is taken up with descriptions of the country. What does it communicate? Descriptions of the land and country in which the characters live sets the scene and the time period of the story. On the first page, we are given images of isolation due to the heavy winter that buried [the land] under whiteness. This gives us a view into the feudalist lifestyles of the peasants in the mountains, and the leisure they enjoyed despite their hard work. 2) Why is the marriage of Bertrande de Rols and Martin Guerre the first scene in this novel? The marriage of Bertrande de Rols and Martin Guerre is the main focus of the entire story, which is the reason why the book begins in such a way. The story later goes back and explains the relationship between the two families and how their arranged marriage came about, but the initial focus is on the marriage itself in its infancy. 3) What does the reader learn of the families involved in the wedding in the first pages? The reader learns that the families Guerre and de Rols are both rich and prosperous peasant families living in the village of Artigues. The families had been rivals for generations, ever since there was a misunderstanding between the great-grandfathers of the young couple. However, the birth and betrothal of Martin and Bertrande, who were born a very short time apart,  marked the end of the families quarrels. 4) Why is Martin so accepting when he is punished by his father? Martin knows his place in the family. One day he will grow up to take his fathers position at the head of the table as the cap dhostal. He understands that if he has no obedience for [his] father, [his] son will have none for [him]. He must learn to obey his father and learn from him in every way, so that he will be capable of filling his shoes when his father is gone. Otherwise, the family will be left in ruin [and] despair. In a sense, Martin is expected to become his father, which we later find out is not his wish at all. 5) Why cant Bertrande stay contentedly with Arnaud, a man who gives her pleasure, supports her family and is a good farmer? Despite the fact that Arnaud was the man for whom [Bertrande] felta great and joyous passion, she couldnt stay contentedly with him. She was a very strong catholic who could not accept the shadow of sin and danger which accompanied [Arnaud], even though he made her happier than Martin ever could or would have. 6) Why is nobody prepared to support and believe Bertrande? If Bertrande were to win the case against Arnaud, the only person the victory would benefit is herself. She would have peace of mind in the fact that she was right, and she would have a chance at absolution from her sins. However, she would be going against the common good. Everyone else in her family realises that the outcome of the case will determine the familys fate in generations to come, and for this reason would have [her] still deceived. Her sister-in-law pleads with her to drop the charges, otherwise the family shall never be happy again [and] the farm will never prosper again. 7) Why do you think Arnaud du Tilh refuses to leave Bertrande when she gives him warning of her conviction? When Arnaud came to the Guerre household in the guise of Martin Guerre, he had originallyintended to stay only long enough to pick up a little silver or gold. However, he ended up getting more than he bargained for. He fell in love with Bertrande, which prohibited him from deserting her to years of pain. To leave at this time would also look like an admission of guilt. Arnaud had found himself stuck in the situation, and had no choice but to sit tight and hope that he was not found guilty. 8) Why might Bertrande feel unsure about prosecuting the new Martin? Bertrande, like Arnaud, was in a lose-lose situation. Her love for Arnaud was as strong as his love for her, and he did not appear a monster to her. However, to stay with him would be to commit a sin most black, going against her beliefs and principles. On the other hand, prosecuting him would destroy everything that made her happy Arnaud, her family and the farm. This caused her to be unsure about what course of action to take. CHAPTER TWO: Rieux 9) What is the significance of Bertrandes confusion about the sun? Bertrandes confusion about the sun reflects her strength of mind. Everything seemed strangeshe had never before left the parish of Artigues. The first time Bertrande left Artigues and stayed in her aunts house, the sun seemed to shine through western windows in the morning. In actual fact the windows were facing east and the sun shone as normal; the only difference was Bertrandes confused perception due to her being in a foreign place. The next time she stays in the house is when she is older and stronger, and she [marvels] that she had ever felt confused about the direction. 10) Why does Arnaud smile when he hears Bertrandes response to his death sentence? Arnaud really did love Bertrande and cared for her deeply, ordering all things he could imagine to increase her comfort when she was ill. When he hears her outcry in spite of the sentence just passed upon him, his face [is] brightwith joy. In view of what has happened, this is a powerful quote from which we finally gain some insight into Arnauds character. This man has been sentenced to death, yet all he cares about is the fact that Bertrande does indeed have feelings for him and love him as he loves her. CHAPTER THREE: Toulouse 11) Read Bertrandes conversation with the priest. Why does he try to convince Bertrande to withdraw charges against Arnaud du Tilh? The priest, having considered the entire situation closely, believes the consequences would be far less if Bertrande withdrew the accusation against Arnaud. He has had much to do with Arnaud, and suspects himself that he is not the true Martin Guerre. However, he valued him more than he valued the raw, impatientthoughtlessselfish Martin Guerre who ran away and was willing to accept the new Martin who he says simply spent eight years in a hard school. 12) What do you think of the idea that Bertrande is motivated to proceed with the appeal out of anger at those who have oppressed her? Can this idea be supported by the text? In an era where women were indeed oppressed in a male-dominated society, it is understandable that a woman like Bertrande would have feelings of anger towards her oppressors. It is certain that she feels anger and a kind of hatred towards Arnaud, saying that [she] has not demanded his death, but now [she] must demand it. It is possible that Arnaud is copping the brunt of all of her hardships that came about after Martin left her. Although this idea is feasible, Bertrande has several other reasons for pursuing justice. By falling in love with Arnaud, he has damned [her] soul. Because she believes that this is a mortal sin, she wants to be  ridof his presence by any means necessary. It is also her biggest flaw, her incapability to deny the truth, that she must pursue it to the end. 13) On her journey to Toulouse, Bertrande recalls that in her mind she travelled this journey with Martin when he first left home. Why does Martins memory motivate her to pursue this course against Arnaud du Tilh? Even though Martin never treated Bertrande as well as Arnaud did, he still represented for her what is morally right because she was committed to him through marriage. In this sense, the memory of Martin brings back the memory of a simple life, free of lies and conspiracy, where her happiness came from knowing she was doing the right thing. 14) During the trial, why is the uncles description of Arnaud so damning? Carbon Bareau describes Arnaud in a way that everyone can identify with. He says that he has a way of stealing the heart, which is exactly what he did when he first came to the Guerre household. The priest valued him, the children loved him, and so did Bertrande. Carbon Bareau also says that he has no respect for the laws, which gave people an explanation of his anger when he was refused the money entrusted to Pierre Guerre. 15) After the trial, loneliness and solitude are again Bertrandes fate. She receives little support from her family, her church, the court or the waiting crowds. In this context, what does solitary justice mean? Bertrande has found justice in the outcome of the trial; however she is the only one who will benefit from it. She has lost everyone she loves for the sake of a truth, to free [herself] from a deceit which was consuming and killing [her]. Bertrande was doomed to live an unhappy, solitary life, whatever she did. If she dropped the accusation, she would be unhappy because of her sins. Because she followed it through, she lost everything. CHAPTER FOUR: Afterword 16) What effect does the information about the original trial report have on your understanding of The Wife of Martin Guerre? The original trial report made me realise that The Wife of Martin Guerre is based on real events in history, therefore making the events in the story seem more feasible. 17) Is it wise, or desirable or even possible to represent this story accurately? Janet Lewis says that the story which I offer here differs somewhat from the [real] story, because no verdict or decision was actually reached. If this had have been the case in The Wife of Martin Guerre, we would not be left with the sense of irony and moral injustice that created the vital messages we take from the story. THEMES: The nature of deception 1) Why does her family continue to believe the impostor is Martin after Bertrandes accusations? Because of the success of the Feudal/patriarchal society Bertrandes family have happily lived in for generations, they would not change a cobblestone. They choose to disbelieve Bertrande, for it is only the truth for [her], not for [them]. By doing this, they choose to keep their happiness and prosperity without feeling any guilt. 2) The family wants Bertrande to pretend that Arnaud is her husband to maintain the happiness he has brought them. What does this suggest about deception? The situation presented in the novel may suggest that deception is not entirely black-and-white, as it is often perceived to be. Although Arnaud is doing the wrong thing by impersonating Martin and intruding on the lives of the Guerre family, he proves himself to be a kinder, gentler, more  passionate man than the true Martin ever was. Even though Arnauds deception is wrong, many good things come out of it. 3) How is it possible for Bertrande to be deceived into mistaking Arnaud du Tilh for her husband? Because Bertrande was so unhappy in Martins absence, her defences against Arnauds way of stealing the heart were weak. She just wanted to be happy again, and Arnaud took advantage of all the emotion tightly tied in check for so many years. It is also possible that she accepted Arnaud in order to spite the real Martin for being cruel to her. 4) Do you think the novel suggests that deception might at times be justified? The novel suggests that deception, although generally being a bad thing, can sometimes have positive outcomes. It also strongly enforces that however justified deception may be, the truth cannot be hidden forever. Bertrande tried to deny the truth early on because the new Martin made her happy, but this came back to haunt her when her suspicion turned to certainty and she knew she was committing a huge sin. If everybody had have decided to accept Arnaud as Martin and live the white lie, business on the farm would have gone on as usual. However, Bertrande could not, with a clear conscience, justify going against her beliefs and becoming the wife of Arnaud du Tilh. 5) Are those who believe Arnaud wilfully blind, or are they actually completely innocent of his deceit? There are many reasons why many people rejected the notion that Arnaud was not the real Martin Guerre. Most of Bertrandes family believed that Bertrande had gone mad as a result of Martins long absence, followed by his sudden return. Others thought that she had a greed of authority and of money, saying that it was all a plan to destroy Martin and possess the farm. Even if Bertrandes family did know that Arnaud was an impostor, they wouldnt have kicked up a fuss about it. Their main concern was the wellbeing of the farm and their happy lifestyle, and would not jeopardise that by siding with Bertrande. THEMES: Social institutions and the individual 6) RELIGION: What is the priests motivation in encouraging Bertrande to go against the rules of her religion by staying with a man she believes is not her husband? When the priest urges Bertrande to withdraw the charges before it is too late, he knows that this will be going against her religious morals. He is justified in saying this though, because he believes Bertrande is in danger of sinning far more greatly than if she stayed with Arnaud. If she sends a good and worthy man to his death to achieve vengeance, the priest is afraid that she will harm not only [herself], but all who love [her], 7) MARRIAGE: Why does Bertrande not have the same freedom as Martin to reject the institutions that govern her? Bertrande lives in sixteenth century France, in an era where the patriarchal system was dominant. Women were expected to be virtuous and faithful to their husbands, and did not have the freedom, rights and opportunities that the men had. 8) THE LEGAL SYSTEM: Is Bertrande wrong to trust that the law will deliver the truth? It was always a risky endeavour for Bertrande to try and prosecute Arnaud du Tilh. In a time where women were not supposed to be individuals, it is surprising that she was given any credibility by the judges at all. In the end, however, the law did deliver the truth. Bertrandes fault was that she relied on it to solve all her problems. This was not possible, as legal  justice and moral justice are two very different things. 9) WOMEN AND POWER: Explore the role of each woman in the text and discuss the impact of their lack of autonomy and power on their lives. Bertrande did not show the characteristics typically seen in women of her time. She displayed very strong and individual qualities, but her gender did not allow her to express herself, which she needed to do. Being a woman trapped her in her situation with Arnaud, because she was expected by everyone else to be the faithful wife to both Martin and his impersonator. Madame Guerre was in the same position as Bertrande. As the wife of the cap dhostal, she was expected to support her husband in every way she could. We see evidence of the impact of her lack of power when Martin receives his punishment from his father: Madame Guerre caught her breath but made no outcry. She was opposed to this harsh punishment and wanted to comfort her son, but she knew that she could not argue with the head of the house. She, too, often had to make sacrifices for the common good. Martins sisters were treated equally to every other woman in the house. They were given duties that they were expected to carry out, and had no choice in the matter. In the novel, we are not even given the sisters names, which shows how unimportant they were as individuals. 10) INDIVIDUAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: Does the family fulfil its responsibilities to Bertrande, just as she tries to fulfil her responsibilities in return? The family didnt have any responsibilities towards Bertrande in the first place. Everything that everyone did was to serve the family as a whole, and so they gave Bertrande no support in her quest for truth and justice because it was detrimental to the family. They were not interested in pursuing a truth that none of [them] believed. THEMES: Justice 11) LEGAL JUSTICE: Arnaud du Tilh is convicted of multiple crimes but Martin Guerre is convicted of none. Is this just? Martin Guerre should have received equal punishment to Arnaud, because his abandonment was the very cause of all the problems in the first place. He gave his permission for Arnaud to impersonate him. While Martin was off abandoning his family and his responsibility, Arnaud was in his place earning the respect many say that he deserved more than Martin did anyway. 12) MORAL JUSTICE: Do you think that Bertrandes position suggests that moral justice is not achieved? In the official court document, there is a phrase that says, But I would willingly ask you if this Monsieur Martin Guerre who was so harsh towards his wife, did not deserve a punishment as severe as that of Arnaut Tillier, for having been by his absence the cause of this wrongdoing? One would think that Bertrandes victory would finally give her freedom and credibility. However, she is given the opposite bitter, solitary justice. Nobody really cares that she was right, and they do not try to stop her when she leaves. If moral justice had been achieved, Bertrande would not have ended up in the position she did.

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy There are hundreds if not thousands of students in any given school. The sheer size and magnitude of the student population encompassed in these schools leads to complications of school safety. Zero tolerance is a policy which was brought about enforcing school safety more firmly, and aimed to better protect students. However, the way in which these students are protected is highly debatable, making the zero tolerance ideology very controversial. Exactly which approach is most effective in protecting a student, let alone, thousands? Is strictness more effective than leniency? Overly strict policies aim to protect the majority, however, severally punish those who have to deal with the wrath of zero tolerance, those who violate the rules. Overly lenient policies can lead to dreadful events, however, give students a sense of reason, in turn creating an understanding of what they have done wrong. In the long run which method is most effective in protecting students? These type of questio ns, along with the excess amount of questionable cases, compose a highly controversial topic. The well being of a student is the single most important factor for public schools. No parent would ever send their child to school if there was a high probability of violence. For this reason there are people who favor zero tolerance. Domoine D. Rutledge, general counsel for the East Baton Rouge Parish School System in Louisiana, reports that zero tolerance policies have aided in creating a culture inside schools that certain things will not be tolerated, period. However, whether or not that policy is effective relies on how fairly its enforced and how consistently its enforced. He continues saying that: Schools districts have had to really balance the interest of the whole school, the student body, teachers and faculty . . . as well as the rights of individual bad actors. The ability to strike that balance, and to do it fairly, more than likely influences the effectiveness of the zero-tolerance policies. Whether or not zero tolerance is effective brings about more argumentative material. Statistical data reports a significant drop in school homicides following the 1999 school shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado strongly suggesting, as Rutledge advocates, zero tolerance has in fact led to safer schools for students. (nces.ed.gov) Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, stated that, The arrest of a pair of New Jersey 8-year-olds for pointing paper guns at classmates was just the kind of episode that leads people to question zero-tolerance policies. (Billitteri) Statements such as those insinuate a basis of anti-zero tolerance and further complicate the controversy. However it must be noted that, Its not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at stake, Hymowitz says. (Billitteri) How is one supposed to know the intentions of a giving situa tion? While the general consensus will no doubtingly agree that a pair of 8-year-olds pose little to no threat, on the slight chance of an event occurring, the questions of why werent they stopped or how could you assume will undeniably be asked, and in this sense, it is without a doubt better to assume the ugly and end up being wrong, than to assume no harm and end up with fatal consequences. Hymowitz continues, stating that, Zero tolerance may be more symptom than cure for the uneasy disciplinary climate of our schools. Certainly its no final answer to out-of-control 5-year-olds or revenge-crazed teenagers. But as the threats continue and the bombs and guns appear, its all weve got. (Billitteri) Bringing back the topic of effectiveness, those with the get-tough attitude witness no proof of zero tolerance policies creating a safer environment in schools. In fact, a decade of research on such policies by the American Psychological Association have concluded that zero tolerance can a ctually increase bad behavior and also lead to higher dropout rates. Schools are not any safer or more effective in disciplining children than before these zero-tolerance policies were implemented, the association said. (APA) There is much debate surrounding zero tolerance, however, the real problems arise when zero tolerance is set in motion. The question at hand to those who oppose zero tolerance falls into the legitimacy and fairness of punishment. In Newark, Delaware a 6 year old boy took a camping utensil which can be used as a knife, fork and spoon to school. Naturally anyone can safely assume there is no harm, however, Zachary Christie received 45 days in the districts reform school. (Urbina) In this case, the well being of the students surrounding Christie is thrown out of the window and it comes down to its consistency in being enforced. The boy clearly had no intention in causing harm, however, was treated as if he was. The only reason he was apprehended as a criminal was to set an example. Those who think to bring anything similar to school, be it a fork, a knife, or gun, will think back to Christie and decided not to. While this incident might seem like one of a kind, unfortunately, it is far from that. Zachary Christie is not alone, there are handfuls of cases which bring about much controversy over zero toler ance. During October of 1999 in Atlanta, Georgia a 15 year old South Cobb High School sophomore brought an unloaded gun to school. When school officials found the gun in his backpack he was immediately and permanently expelled from the school district. (Skiba 3) A sixth grader at Whitman Middle School in Seattle, Washington brought a squirt gun, painted black and brown to school during September of 1999. He was expelled after the gun fell out of his book bag during lunch. (Skiba 4) David Silverstein, a seventh grader in Glendale, Arizona, motivated by the film October Sky, brought a homemade rocket to school made out of a potato chip canister. Considered a weapon, school officials suspended him upon arrival. (Skiba 4) During May of 1999 in Pensacola, Florida a sophomore received a 10 day suspension and was threatened with expulsion after loaning her nail clippers to a friend temporarily. Quoted from the principal, Life goes on. You learn from your mistakes. We are recommending expul sion. (Skiba 4) On the morning of a late June day in 1998 two high school seniors in Pinellas County, Florida arrived to school and were immediately expelled. School officials were tipped off that the boys had skipped school and smoked marijuana with some friends. A federal appeals court ruled against the district, stating that the school had not even a scintilla of evidence that the two boys were under the influence at school. (Skiba 5) In February of 1999 in Ewing, New Jersey a freshman was accused of taking drugs and was asked to visit the school nurse to check his pulse and blood pressure. His suspicious behavior which forced this drug screen upon him was because he dozed off in his social studies class. The principal immediately suspended him after he refused to submit to a drug test. Eventually the boy was forced into taking a drug test as the principle declined to readmit him until he had done so. (Skiba 5) A sophomore at Westlake High School in February of 1999 was suspended for two full school weeks after he announced his French teacher was not fluent in the language during the schools morning announcements. School officials considered the comment as a verbal attack against the teacher in an attempt to justify their actions. (Skiba 6) These cases do nothing but illustrate the negative aspects of zero tolerance. However, one can see the argument for zero tolerance as any further actions were eliminated before they could occur. Even though, at what point are schools sending the wrong message, and ultimately, when will this wrong message be more detrimental to students? Another topic of discussion is the message zero tolerance sends to the students. Should the punishment fit the crime? Those in favor of zero tolerance tend to believe the only way to clarify right from wrong is to strictly enforce school policies, and consistently enforce them. While this without a doubt protects the students from possible threats, at the same time one can question whether or not this also sends a negative message. Punishing a student for a petty mistake with grave consequences instills fear among the student population and scares them into conformity. This is not a message students should be receiving. Treating those like Zachary Christie, to use as an example, can negatively affect their mental health. Its much more difficult for Christie to tell right from wrong, and in his mind, he has not done anything wrong, yet still received punishment. To Christie he got punished for nothing, which will affect his psychological wellbeing unconstructively. How will he learn f rom his mistake and how will he look at other things in life now that he has been severally punished for such a small and innocent act? He is 6 years old, he does not need to go through this. Another negative aspect of zero tolerance is that it hinders education. Students unnecessarily miss school to serve their punishment which also leads to future problems. Julia Steiny, a former member of the Providence School Board, reported that a kid [student] whos been suspended is statistically at high risk of dropping out of school. (Steiny) Supporting zero tolerance, Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, wrote that Its not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at stake. (Billitteri) To school officials, the assumption of trusting a student who has made a mistake, or is joking around, is a much greater risk. One cannot truly know the intentions of a given situa tion, only can one assume what is going on. To those who are pro-zero tolerance, safety comes first, no matter how accomplished. Zero tolerance is a very intriguing topic simply because of the complexity behind it. Those in favor make incredibly compelling and persuasive arguments. However on the flip side, those who are against it make just as valid arguments. I believe there is too much information out there to be able to claim being on one extreme end of the spectrum, whether its for or against zero tolerance. While to some extent zero tolerance is effective, after going through the plethora amount of research, I ultimately believe zero tolerance is a hindrance and a negative aspect on school safety. Not ended, but rethought I believe zero tolerance needs to go through. While the core idea behind it, safety for every student, sounds great on paper, in practice, it has obviously failed. While there are not many, there are still several cases where small acts have led to obscene punishments, completely blown out of proportion. Another negative aspect of zero tolerance is that it sends the wrong message to stu dents. For these reasons, zero tolerance needs to end in public schools, and needs to be rethought. Works Cited American Psychological Association. Zero Tolerance Policies Are Not As Effective As Thought In Reducing Violence and Promoting Learning In School. APA Press Release. 9 Aug. 2006. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Billitteri, Thomas J. Discipline in Schools. CQ Press Electronic Library. 15 Feb. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Hymowitz, Kay S. Zero Tolerance Is Schools First Line of Defense. Manhattan Institute. Newsday, 18 Apr. 2001. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2007 Executive Summary. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, a part of the U.S. Department of Education. Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Steiny, Julia. Julia Steiny: Zero-tolerance policies in schools need to end. Rhode Island, Providence, news, sports, entertainment, ads | The Providence Journal. 31 Mar. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Trump, Ken. Zero Tolerance and School Safety. School Safety and School Security Experts: National School Safety and Security Services. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Skiba, Russell J. Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence. Rep. Indiana University: Indiana Education Policy Center, 2009. Urbina, Ian. Its a Fork, Its a Spoon, Its a Weapon? The New York Times Breaking News, World News Multimedia. 11 Oct. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. .

The Media and Body Image :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The Media and Body Image    Abstract    This research examined the media and how it affects fitness and body image. This was assessed by collecting data from surveys taken by three groups of ten high school students, five of each sex.   Two of the three groups were exposed to different media packages, one depicted images of unnaturally thin individuals, the other depicted athletic figures, while the third group was exposed to no prior data.   The results indicate the students attitudes towards social fitness views and self-acceptance.   It was my hypothesis that a correlation between media and the fitness concept will be found but the idea of a personal body image will remain fixed as body image is a determined part of one's psyche.   A significant correlation was discovered between those who viewed the thin package and their attitudes on social fitness.   However a low score in the self- acceptance scale in all three groups suggests a low self-concept within all participants.   This supports my statement that there would be a connection between the fitness concept and the media packages as well as a constant self- concept maintained by all participants.    In assessing personal attitudes it is often important to measure not only what an individual feels towards others but also his/herself.   Prior research indicates this is especially important when measuring attitudes towards physical issues. It has been found that opposing views may be held simultaneously by individuals in regards to themselves and others.   Also concern for how a response will reflect upon his/herself may negate an individual expressing his or her true attitudes.   This research sought to assess the attitudes of high school students towards fitness and body image in the presence of different physical media icons.   By monitoring the individuals response to both a third person scale and a personal scale, true attitudes can be assumed.   In this study, the different groups were the independent variable, here in described as Group A, those exposed to the thin images, Group B, those exposed to athletic images, and Group C, those exposed to no images or the control group, whereas the groups score was the dependent variable.   The surveys were distributed to thirty students, ten in each group, five of each sex.   The dependent variable, in the Social Fitness Attitudes Scale, reflects the individuals attitude towards fitness in society and in a dating atmosphere.   The higher the individuals score the more they are influenced by society, with a score of 46 being the accepted indication of society influence.   In the Self Acceptance Scale, the lower the individuals score the lower their self concept with scores between 36-110

Evolutionism Vs Creationism Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Questions on the origin of life and of the universe must have challenged human curiosity and imagination as soon as early man had time for activities other than survival. In 1859, Charles Darwin published the Origin of Species, and since then, people have debated between the creationism and evolutionism theories. The theory of evolution has been supported only through various religious writings, particularly the Bible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creationists believe in a divine creator, God. Creationism has a broad range of beliefs involving a reliance on God’s miraculous work to explain the origin of the universe, of life, and of the different kinds of plants and animals on Earth. According to the creationist view, God willed everything into existence, and this is how humans came onto the Earth. Creationists say that the evolution theory is biased and incomplete. They believe that the fossil records fail to provide a link between diverse groups. To find out how old fossils are, scientists use a method called radioisotope dating, which measures the amount of uranium or lead lost over the years. Creationists deny evidence from this testing because they assume no uranium or lead has been lost over the years. The process of evolution, which all living things developed from unicellular organisms, over billions of years Exactly how evolution occurs is still debated but it is a scientific fact that it does occur. Most biologists believe that the modern theory of evolution arose from a history of mutations either physically or chemically and it is still occurring. All organisms can be traced back to a common ancestor from inanimate matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The science of paleontology or the study of life provides the most direct proof of evolution in the past through fossil remains or impressions, usually in rock. Other evidence comes from comparative studies of living animals and plants, including their structure and geographical locations. â€Å"Mollusks and vascular plants account for more than 80 percent† (Futuyma 87) of the world’s species, with about â€Å"1.4 to 1.8 million species† (Futuyma 87) in all. Changes occur in living organisms to help increase their adaptability, or potential for survival and reproduction, in the face of changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in direction or purpose. A given ... ...atively, is definitely an important piece of literature. To believe that the age of the earth is only 10,000 years old does not support the validity of the creationists. To many scholars, the Bible is a figurative book of parables, not to be taken literally. The use of the Bible may be hindering, instead of supporting, the validity of the creationist’s arguments. It is clear that evolution is much clearer to understand and accept than the creationism theory. There will always be people who will still be curious as to how we appeared on the earth, and some people will oppose the evolution theory, therefore, the evolutionism/creationism debate will forever continue. Works Cited Creation Science FAQ http://www.clubs.psu.edu/origins/faqsci.htm Drew Thinks About Evolutionism vs Creationism. http://petra.austinc.edu/arayburn/evolve.html Futuyma, Douglas J. Evolutionary Biology. 3rd ed. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates inc., 1997. General QH 366.2.F87 Montagu, Ashley, ed. Science and Creationism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. General QH 371.S343 Strahler, Arthur N. Science and Earth History. The Evolution/Creation Controversy. New York: Prometheus Books, 1987. BS 652.S77

Human Resource Management Essay -- Business Management Studies Essays

Human Resource Management Businesses use different motivational techniques to keep employees happy, it is important to keep employees happy so that they work effectively and efficiently. The HR department will spend lots on different ideas to try and keep their employees working hard often including rewards for hard work or constant attendance or even by in some cases punishing workers for not working to their potential. I will look into different cultures, motivational theories and techniques, job satisfaction, the importance of management styles, is money the only motivator and employee demotivation. Examples of motivational techniques In 1943 Abraham Maslow suggested that all people have a hierarchy of needs. He said that a person is motivated by his or her own needs, so he developed this pyramid. He believed that once someone had achieved one level of needs then they would want to move onto a higher level of need. Douglas McGregor’s X and Y theory In the 1960’s Douglas McGregor developed the ideas of theory X and theory Y. Theory X is the view that people really don’t want to do work and if they can avoid doing the work in anyway they will try to. This means that they are being persuaded to work by being given money or rewards and must be closely supervised and controlled so that they will do their work. Theory Y is the belief that humans can be stimulated by being given responsibility and strive to prove themselves. This management style is the view that the work itself can be rewarding and given the right conditions then they will strive to achieve goals and targets. Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory This American psychologisat research in the 1950’s led him to develop the two-factor theory of job satisfaction. Many criticised him for drawing conclusions about workers as a whole from a sample drawn from just accountants and engineers, although his theory has proved very robust. His view was that the factors related to job satisfaction can be divided into two; those that only have the potential to provide a positive job satisfaction and those that can only cause dissatisfaction. Hygiene Factors Hygiene factors are based on the need to for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work... ...vate them to do their work, work for certain companies and explains unhappiness levels at jobs which do not challenge their workers such as Mcdonalds etc. Motivation on a project depends on * The project culture * Often established by the project manger * The project's reward system * If there is one! * The work content * Especially if it is challenging * The working environment * Especially if it is conducive to creativity * The supervision * Especially if it is a source of learning * And not overbearing * And the opportunity to network Motivating Factors Project turn-ons * Recognition * Increased responsibility and status * Advancement * Opportunity for intellectual growth * Opportunity for personal achievement * Flexible working * Variety and the job itself * Good communication * The leader's enthusiasm De-motivating Factors Project turn-offs ----------------- * Constraints of company policy and administration * An over-bearing bureaucracy * Below-average compensation * Poor quality supervision * Poor communications * A poor working environment * Either sociologically or physically * A negative attitude of the project leader

Illusion vs. Reality

The characters portrayed this theme through perceived reality vs. actuality, knowledge is power, and knowledge can only be gained if it is presented to it first. In all three, there are people without knowledge and people with knowledge. The people that don't have knowledge are the general public, Truman, and the prisoners; the people with the knowledge are the government, Christof, and the things causing the shadows in the ave.The people without the knowledge live their lives as if they know everything while the people with knowledge try to either keep it that way or them the knowledge. Reality vs. actuality helps portray the theme though the people without the knowledge, who have his/her own reality while the actual world is something different. In Fahrenheit 451, the general public live their lives believing books are evil while they are actually not. In The Truman Show, Truman lives his life as if it is real, but it is a lie that was created for a TV show.In Plato's Republic, the prisoners were orn into a reality where shadows are their whole world, while the objects making the shadows were passing by. In all three, the reality shown to the people are not what the actual world is. Reality vs. actuality shows how the theme is portrayed in Fahrenheit 451, The Truman Show, and Plato's Republic. Another thing that helps display the theme is knowledge is power. The people who have the knowledge either use that power to keep the reality that the people without the knowledge already have or try to give them knowledge.The government in Fahrenheit 451 use firemen o try and keep the reality that books are evil and make that the truth to the general public. Christof and all the staff members in The Truman Show have the power and use actors to keep Truman's fabricated world the â€Å"truth†. In Plato's Republic the prisoners did not believe the philosopher who tried to give them knowledge and unveil the truth. The prisoners believe in their reality too much so t o them, knowledge are the shadows and that kept them under the truth. The people without knowledge are kept under their reality because knowledge can only be gained if presented it first.The people are never presented with knowledge, so they could never learn about the truth. Since the government tell lies, it prevents the general public to read books, and the general public never finds out the truth behind books. Truman never found out the actual world until he was presented with knowledge by his first love. Christof and the actors tried their best to prevent Truman from finding out the truth, but in the end they fail. In Plato's Republic the philosopher tried to present the prisoners the real world, but the prisoners rejected him and continued to believe in the shadows.The theme, we accept the reality with which we are presented, has been portrayed by reality vs. actuality, knowledge is power, and knowledge can only be gained if it is presented to it first. All of the people witho ut knowledge had their own reality that was not the actual truth. The people with knowledge had the power and tried to and the prisoners did not gain knowledge unless first presented with it. If the general public read the books, and if the prisoners did believe the philosopher, then everyone would have knowledge and there would not be a fake reality.

My last farewell

Therefore, the government undertook large-scale reclamation to†¦ Premium Words Pages Major Problems Young Couples Face Major problems young couples face Many young couples rush to marry because they believe they're ready for the long-term commitment. Unfortunately, young couples are at a higher risk for divorce than couples who marry later in life. A large percentage of young married couples face more issues in the†¦ Premium Words Pages Major Problems in Stone Production Line Stone production line is mainly composed of vibrating feeder, Jaw crusher, Impact crusher, vibrating screen, electronic control and belt conveyors, etc.As the most common material and valuable non-renewable resources, the ore processed by the cry†¦ Premium Words Pages Inflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Major Problems of Pakistan Inflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Major Problems of Pakistan Ooze Suicide Forman Christian College University Since Pakistan came into being, it's going t hrough hard times. From newly born country to getting sixty four year old country, sometimes it has given sacrifice†¦Premiums Words Pages What Are the Major Problems with Regard to the Collection of Crime Statistics What re the major problems with regard to the collection of crime statistics? There are two main sources for published crime statistics; the British Crime Survey, a face to face factorization survey, covering experiences of crime in the previous twelve months, and police recorded crime which is†¦ Premiums Words Pages Major Problems in Europe During the Fourteenth Century In the fourteenth century, European states faced many major problems that are evident in the history of the entire continent.These problems drastically changed the culture, religion, economy, and land. Throughout the 14th century, Europeans faced overall catastrophes that changed the continent's†¦ Premium Words Pages Major Problems Faced by Indian Agriculture Major Problems Faced by Indian Agriculture The major problems confronting Indian agriculture are those of population pressure, small holdings, depleted soils, lack of modern technology and poor facilities for storage. (a) Population Pressure: India has a huge population of over one billion and it†¦Premiums Words Pages Major Problems in American History Transition Why Change Policy Now? Changing Influence Changing Direction Discussion of Individual Nation Case Studies 1 . Mexico 2. ) Kenya 3. ) India 4. ) Italy 5. ) China 6. ) The United States†¦ Premium's Words Pages China Non-Metallic Mining Solved Major Problems In the past two years, the two pillars of China's non-metallic mining industry, and non-metallic mineral products industry industry tax revenues showed a rapid, sustained and steady growth.At present, China's non-metallic mining has been basically established exploration, mining, processing, market†¦ Premium Words Jollied International Expansion JOLIET CASE ANALYSIS Summary Jollied, a fa st food chain, based in Philippines was blew to obtain a competitive advantage in its local market by keeping tight control over the operations and catering to the taste and appetite of the local people.With the success in the home country, the comma†¦ Premium Words Pages Major Issues and Problems at Nordstrom Major Issues and Problems at Nordstrom Nordstrom, though successful in pleasing their customers and provided superior customer service when compared to other industry players, it appeared that the company sacrificed the employees' satisfaction with their work. One of the major problems cited in the†¦

Our Affect on the Enviornment

Semester Draft Kankakee Island â€Å"Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred heritage, for your children and your children's children. Do not let selfish men or greedy Interests skin your country of Its beauty, Its riches or Its romance. † – Theodore Roosevelt. In my own words I think Theodore Roosevelt implies that we need to be grateful for the natural wonders the earth has given us and the history it has behind it, to be considerate ND think about the future generations of the planet.If the ignorance of selfish people destroys your home, do not let them. It is too valuable. Our limitations have escaped us and we are now crossing the threshold of what our Earth can handle. By that I mean we are Impacting and absorbing more than what the Earth can handle: depletion of resources, environmental disasters, ecological instability, and climate change. We need to set ourselves boundaries in order to keep our planet prosperous. Ignorance and the lack of self control are what push our agenda to doomsday on this dutiful planet of ours that much sooner.I think some people Just don't realize the condition our planet is in and think to themselves, â€Å"How does this affect me? Why do I care? I have a house, a Job, I make my own money, and no one pays my bills? ‘ This inconsiderate attitude towards our society Is what will hinder the well being of our planet, country, state, city, down to the individual. This is our home and we need to start treating it how it deserves to be treated. We hurt the environment in more ways than you could possibly imagine. Misguided construction, irrigation and mining can face the natural landscape and disrupt important ecological processes.Aggressive fishing and hunting can deplete entire stocks of species. Human migration can introduce competitors to native food chains. Greed can lead to catastrophic accidents and laziness to environ mentally destructive practice. For example, It's dinnertime but, there's no food in the house, so you get in your car and drive to the grocery store. You walk down the aisles browsing for something to buy. You pick up chicken and a salad, and then return home to enjoy your meal. Consider the ways your simple trip to the racket affected the environment.Driving to and from the store contributed carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The electricity required to light the store was powered by coal. The salad Ingredients were grown on a farm treated with pesticides. Getting the goods to the store required trucks, trains and more trucks, all of which emitted carbon. This is why I would love to have my own country, where people with the same ideologies can gather and discuss about any problems. Everyone will have a voice. My own country will be secluded. It will be an island not surrounded by any other countries. The island is small compared to other Islands.The weather is tropical like. There are beaches, rainforest's, hills, and volcanoes. The population Is about 10,000 houses have built in solar panels since it's almost always sunny there. Solar panels will be a big commodity in my country. According to Harry T. Roman from Business Source Elite, â€Å"a well designed solar system can last for more than 20 years. It doesn't create any source of pollution, its quiet, and the sun's energy is free of course. † Harnessing the energy of the sun would greatly impact our society and evidently make our lives and the environment better.Every house would have its own little power source instead of a coal powered plant for a whole city. My main focus is energy conservation and the consequences it would have on the environment. Another alternative energy I have in mind is building large underwater turbines that could harness the endless power of waves. Imagine that. It would be like the giant turbines you see in other cities that are wind powered but these are under water. I t could probably be connected to some sort of transformer and from there be transferred to businesses, restaurants, and other public places.We can also use thermal energy since there's a volcano on the island. The Union of Concerned Scientists references indicate that â€Å"below the Earth's crust, there is a layer of hot and molten rock called magma. Heat is continually produced there, mostly from the decay of naturally radioactive materials such as uranium and potassium. The most common current way of capturing the energy from geothermal sources is to tap into naturally occurring â€Å"hydrothermal convection† systems where cooler water seeps into Earth's crust, is heated up, and then rises to the surface.When heated water is forced to the reface, it is a relatively simple matter to capture that steam and use it to drive electric generators. Geothermal power plants drill their own holes into the rock to more effectively capture the steam. † The Union of Concerned Sci entists also states that, â€Å"many regions of the world are already tapping geothermal energy as an affordable and sustainable solution to reducing dependence on fossil fuels, global warming, and public health risks that result from their use.For example, more than 8,900 megawatts (MM) of large, utility-scale geothermal capacity in 24 countries now reduce enough electricity to meet the annual needs of nearly 12 million typical U. S. Households. † Geothermal energy is definitely the way to go. It can produce vast amounts of energy to the whole country in a non-polluting way. Another implement my city will have is composting. Stainlessness's. Com expresses that â€Å"compost is created by the decomposition of organic matter such as yard waste.Compost systems confine compost so that it can receive air and create suitable temperatures for proper decomposition into fertilizer. † It's sort of another way to recycle; putting sack our waste into the Earth in a harmless way t hat promotes the well being of our community. Stainlessness's. Com also implies that compost waste results in â€Å"saving landfill space, saving energy for transporting material, and the creation of a high quality fertilizer at the location where it can be used (thereby again saving energy). In addition, plastic garbage bags are also saved. Our island will not waste any resources if they absolutely cannot be used again. Our island's main economic income, being that it's a tropical island, grows lush vegetation and other crops. Coconut, banana, sugar, bamboo, rice, pineapple, cocoa beans, are the most important crops we grow. It's what we live off of. There is also a fishing company at the island which goes out and gathers only the fish the island needs. They do it once companies are well known in our island mainly for their mutual, social, and economic benefit.Trade is also practiced in some of the villages around the island as well. We also do not grow our crops with pesticides! On the island we are all aware of the devastation and corruption pesticides do. Everything is grown organically and nothing is tampered with. Raucousness's. Org states that â€Å"at the systems level, organic agriculture that builds soil and encourages biodiversity delivers more diverse/profound benefits and ecological services than farming which amounts to ‘agricultural sacrifice areas' divorced from their geological surroundings†, which would be superb for our environment.Mostly everyone travels on bikes or walks being that the country is small. Only some people own cars, and some of those cars are hybrids, which are imported. On our island some resources are abundant. Metals such as, steel, aluminum, copper, etc, are scarce. Importing these goods is vital for building our city structures and public facilities. Most of the houses are built with a combination of bamboo found on the island, clay, some wood, and steel. The AC is powered by our water from the ocean or fro m geothermal power. Land lines are needed also to use phone service.Internet service requires people to go to the highest elevation and is limited due to the higher cost. But steel is required to build some of these utilities so we must import at times. There are various social services and recreation activities to do around the island as well. Some of the social services include: hospitals, police station, a community center, market/ trade center, a community college, and some restaurants. Those are all located in the downtown area, which is small. There are many things to do for recreation on Kankakee Island. Surfing is a big hit on the island.There's also biking riding, going to the beach, fishing, and hiking. People also go on nature walks. They usually go to the rainforest's, meditate, smoke, and connect with nature. The people of Kankakee are very nature oriented and have a strong spiritual connection with nature itself. There are also events celebrating nature. People Join in dance, smoke herb, eat fruits and vegetables, and praise that their island is the way it is: sustainable and peaceful. Kankakee Island was founded by a husband and wife named George Kankakee and Donna Kankakee in the sass's.George and Donna used to live in the crowded city of Los Angles. George was an architect and Donna was an environmental scientists. They had the typical American life but hated the city they lived in. They didn't like the crowdedness and state the city was in (environmentally wise). So George and Donna decided to do something bold in their lives. They wanted to stand for something they and thousands of people believed in. They wanted their own country where it could be sustainable and all the people that lived in their country had the same ideas.So they sold their house, located an island in international waters with some help of peers, and started to look into making it their home and to the home of now 10,000 people come alive. The only way to get to the islan d is by ship or boat so they set course for the island and were at sea for quite some time. They first had to go to the island and spend some time there to see what it was like. They first observed what resources the island had and experimented with these resources to see which can be sustainable.Being that George was an architect and Donna an environmental community. They started doing research and came up with alternative energy systems that would do no harm to the environment and would still be classified as a livable place. After that, they started to gather up materials, team up with colleagues that would help them in exchange to live on the island, and started to build their own community. Word then got out of the island and people with similar backgrounds in science, math, and business asked if they can settle on the island.From there the community started growing and more sophisticated structures and alternative energies were being built. Kankakee Island was now a livable en vironment. To conclude, Kankakee Island will be one of the most diverse places in the world to live. It has many benefits to any individual that has the right state of mind for the environment. Lush fields of vegetables and plenty of fruit grown organically with no pesticides will make any one happy. Alternative resources harvest the purest forms of sustainable energy on Earth.Using solar, geothermal, and water, we can expand our ideas and create a better life for all of us and our planet. We can show off to the rest of the world what a magnificent Job we've done and can serve as an example to some of the countries in need of an environmental safeguard. Humanity and nature can coalesce into one and start working for each other instead of fighting against it. Not Just the island, but also the people itself; 10,000 conscious individuals doing their part in a systemic community. Kankakee Island is the perfect example of the most perfect place to live.